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Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma

MedGen UID:
87558
•Concept ID:
C0346359
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Conjunctiva Epidermoid Carcinoma; conjunctiva epidermoid carcinoma; Conjunctiva Squamous Cell Carcinoma; conjunctiva squamous cell carcinoma; Conjunctival Epidermoid Carcinoma; conjunctival epidermoid carcinoma; conjunctival squamous cell cancer; Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma; conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma; Epidermoid Carcinoma of Conjunctiva; epidermoid carcinoma of conjunctiva; Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva; epidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva; invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva; Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Conjunctiva; squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva; squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
SNOMED CT: Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva (255003007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006173

Definition

A low-grade squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the conjunctiva. It is the most common primary malignant tumor that arises from the conjunctiva. It usually affects older white males. Excessive exposure to sunlight is a risk factor. Patients may present with a mass, red eye, or pain. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVConjunctival squamous cell carcinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of ocular cancer.
Fontes Junior VC, Fernandes AG, Morales MC, Belfort Neto R
Arq Bras Oftalmol 2023 Mar-Apr;86(2):127-130. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20230023. PMID: 35417515
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Clinicopathological Analysis and Treatment Outcome of 65 Cases.
Hussain I, Khan BS
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020 Sep;30(9):970-973. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.09.970. PMID: 33036684
Challenges and opportunities for treatment and research of AIDS-related malignancies in Africa.
Orem J, Otieno MW, Remick SC
Curr Opin Oncol 2006 Sep;18(5):479-86. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000239887.90665.10. PMID: 16894296

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa.
Metekoua C, Ruffieux Y, Olago V, Dhokotera T, Egger M, Bohlius J, Rohner E, Muchengeti M
J Natl Cancer Inst 2023 Oct 9;115(10):1213-1219. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad119. PMID: 37379162Free PMC Article
Exploring the Risk Factors of Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Establishing a Prognostic Model: Retrospective Study.
Xie B, Chen Z, Luo J, Lei Y, Li J, Wu R, Wang Q, Liu X
Dis Markers 2022;2022:5427579. Epub 2022 Oct 15 doi: 10.1155/2022/5427579. PMID: 36284991Free PMC Article
Metastatic conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a study of 5 patients.
Vempuluru VS, Indusekhar H, Mohamed A, Kaliki S
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Oct;42(10):3097-3108. Epub 2022 May 7 doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02309-2. PMID: 35524835
Actinic Granuloma of the Conjunctiva: Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Magan T, Rapuano CJ, Ayres BD, Skeens HM, Goyal V, Heersink S, Meghpara BB, Syed ZA, Eagle RC Jr, Milman T
Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Sep;229:120-126. Epub 2021 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.006. PMID: 33895150
Loss of pRB in Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Predictor of Poor Prognosis.
Chauhan S, Sen S, Sharma A, Kashyap S, Tandon R, Pushker N, Vanathi M, Chauhan SS
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018 Jul;26(6):e70-e76. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000592. PMID: 29489511

Diagnosis

Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa.
Metekoua C, Ruffieux Y, Olago V, Dhokotera T, Egger M, Bohlius J, Rohner E, Muchengeti M
J Natl Cancer Inst 2023 Oct 9;115(10):1213-1219. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad119. PMID: 37379162Free PMC Article
Metastatic conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a study of 5 patients.
Vempuluru VS, Indusekhar H, Mohamed A, Kaliki S
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Oct;42(10):3097-3108. Epub 2022 May 7 doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02309-2. PMID: 35524835
Actinic Granuloma of the Conjunctiva: Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Magan T, Rapuano CJ, Ayres BD, Skeens HM, Goyal V, Heersink S, Meghpara BB, Syed ZA, Eagle RC Jr, Milman T
Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Sep;229:120-126. Epub 2021 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.006. PMID: 33895150
Altered gene expression in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Mahale A, Alkatan H, Alwadani S, Othman M, Suarez MJ, Price A, Al-Hussain H, Jastaneiah S, Yu W, Maktabi A, Deepak EP, Eberhart CG, Asnaghi L
Mod Pathol 2016 May;29(5):452-60. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.41. PMID: 26916071
Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals.
Gichuhi S, Irlam JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Feb 28;2013(2):CD005643. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005643.pub3. PMID: 23450564Free PMC Article

Therapy

Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Advanced Malignant Conjunctival Tumors: Systematic Review.
Serbest Ceylanoglu K, Guneri Beser B, Singalavanija T, Juntipwong S, Worden FP, Demirci H
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024 Jan-Feb 01;40(1):18-29. Epub 2024 Jan 18 doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002488. PMID: 38241616
Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa.
Metekoua C, Ruffieux Y, Olago V, Dhokotera T, Egger M, Bohlius J, Rohner E, Muchengeti M
J Natl Cancer Inst 2023 Oct 9;115(10):1213-1219. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad119. PMID: 37379162Free PMC Article
Immunotherapy for Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Orbital Extension.
Demirci H, Elner VM, Demirci FY, Robinson DR, Chinnaiyan A, Schlachter D, Joseph S, Worden F
Ophthalmology 2021 May;128(5):801-804. Epub 2020 Sep 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.09.027. PMID: 32980395
Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals.
Gichuhi S, Irlam JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Feb 28;2013(2):CD005643. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005643.pub3. PMID: 23450564Free PMC Article
Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals.
Gichuhi S, Irlam JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD005643. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005643.pub2. PMID: 17443606

Prognosis

Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa.
Metekoua C, Ruffieux Y, Olago V, Dhokotera T, Egger M, Bohlius J, Rohner E, Muchengeti M
J Natl Cancer Inst 2023 Oct 9;115(10):1213-1219. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad119. PMID: 37379162Free PMC Article
Exploring the Risk Factors of Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Establishing a Prognostic Model: Retrospective Study.
Xie B, Chen Z, Luo J, Lei Y, Li J, Wu R, Wang Q, Liu X
Dis Markers 2022;2022:5427579. Epub 2022 Oct 15 doi: 10.1155/2022/5427579. PMID: 36284991Free PMC Article
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic factors for the recurrence and metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics at an oncological hospital in Peru.
Cruzado-Sanchez D, Tellez WA, Villarreal-Aguilar B, Melendez M, Olivera A, Moran F, Serpas-Frias S, Cordero-Garcia R
Br J Ophthalmol 2020 Jul;104(7):1010-1015. Epub 2019 Oct 11 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314058. PMID: 31604702
Loss of pRB in Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Predictor of Poor Prognosis.
Chauhan S, Sen S, Sharma A, Kashyap S, Tandon R, Pushker N, Vanathi M, Chauhan SS
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018 Jul;26(6):e70-e76. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000592. PMID: 29489511
Tumors of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Yoon YD, Grossniklaus H
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1997 Aug;8(4):55-8. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199708000-00008. PMID: 10170445

Clinical prediction guides

Exploring the Risk Factors of Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Establishing a Prognostic Model: Retrospective Study.
Xie B, Chen Z, Luo J, Lei Y, Li J, Wu R, Wang Q, Liu X
Dis Markers 2022;2022:5427579. Epub 2022 Oct 15 doi: 10.1155/2022/5427579. PMID: 36284991Free PMC Article
FOXP3 and CXCR4-positive regulatory T cells in the tumor stroma as indicators of tumor immunity in the conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment.
Tagami M, Kakehashi A, Katsuyama-Yoshikawa A, Misawa N, Sakai A, Wanibuchi H, Azumi A, Honda S
PLoS One 2022;17(3):e0263895. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263895. PMID: 35358193Free PMC Article
Actinic Granuloma of the Conjunctiva: Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Magan T, Rapuano CJ, Ayres BD, Skeens HM, Goyal V, Heersink S, Meghpara BB, Syed ZA, Eagle RC Jr, Milman T
Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Sep;229:120-126. Epub 2021 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.006. PMID: 33895150
Loss of pRB in Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Predictor of Poor Prognosis.
Chauhan S, Sen S, Sharma A, Kashyap S, Tandon R, Pushker N, Vanathi M, Chauhan SS
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018 Jul;26(6):e70-e76. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000592. PMID: 29489511
Altered gene expression in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Mahale A, Alkatan H, Alwadani S, Othman M, Suarez MJ, Price A, Al-Hussain H, Jastaneiah S, Yu W, Maktabi A, Deepak EP, Eberhart CG, Asnaghi L
Mod Pathol 2016 May;29(5):452-60. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.41. PMID: 26916071

Recent systematic reviews

Holding back the tears: is there a role for marsupialisation?
Chiu SJ, Currie ZI, Tan JH
BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022 Aug;7(1) doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-000985. PMID: 36161857Free PMC Article
Human papillomavirus infection plays a role in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Ramberg I, Møller-Hansen M, Toft PB, Funding M, Heegaard S
Acta Ophthalmol 2021 Aug;99(5):478-488. Epub 2020 Nov 16 doi: 10.1111/aos.14666. PMID: 33191633
Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Africa.
Gichuhi S, Sagoo MS, Weiss HA, Burton MJ
Trop Med Int Health 2013 Dec;18(12):1424-43. Epub 2013 Oct 30 doi: 10.1111/tmi.12203. PMID: 24237784Free PMC Article
Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals.
Gichuhi S, Irlam JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Feb 28;2013(2):CD005643. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005643.pub3. PMID: 23450564Free PMC Article
Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals.
Gichuhi S, Irlam JJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD005643. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005643.pub2. PMID: 17443606

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