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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma

MedGen UID:
902790
•Concept ID:
C3495846
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: IRIS-Associated KS; IRIS-KS; Kaposi Sarcoma Immune Reconstitution Syndrome; Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Immune Reconstitution Syndrome; KS-Associated IRIS; KS-IRIS

Definition

A syndrome that occurs in a proportion of patients with HIV infection and Kaposi sarcoma after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is characterized by a deterioration in their clinical status, despite control of virologic and immunologic parameters. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Kaposi Sarcoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC).
Lebbe C, Garbe C, Stratigos AJ, Harwood C, Peris K, Marmol VD, Malvehy J, Zalaudek I, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Forsea AM, Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Olah J, Arenberger P, Bylaite-Bucinskiene M, Vieira R, Middleton M, Levy A, Eggermont AM, Battistella M, Spano JP, Grob JJ, Pages C; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Eur J Cancer 2019 Jun;114:117-127. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.036. PMID: 31096150
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-associated malignancies: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advances in treatment.
Bhutani M, Polizzotto MN, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R
Semin Oncol 2015 Apr;42(2):223-46. Epub 2014 Dec 31 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.12.027. PMID: 25843728Free PMC Article
Kaposi sarcoma: review and medical management update.
Fatahzadeh M
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012 Jan;113(1):2-16. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.011. PMID: 22677687

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC).
Lebbe C, Garbe C, Stratigos AJ, Harwood C, Peris K, Marmol VD, Malvehy J, Zalaudek I, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Forsea AM, Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Olah J, Arenberger P, Bylaite-Bucinskiene M, Vieira R, Middleton M, Levy A, Eggermont AM, Battistella M, Spano JP, Grob JJ, Pages C; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Eur J Cancer 2019 Jun;114:117-127. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.036. PMID: 31096150
Steroids are a risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and mortality in HIV infection.
Fernández-Sánchez M, Iglesias MC, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Ormsby CE, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Reyes-Terán G
AIDS 2016 Mar 27;30(6):909-14. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000993. PMID: 26636923Free PMC Article
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK.
Letang E, Lewis JJ, Bower M, Mosam A, Borok M, Campbell TB, Naniche D, Newsom-Davis T, Shaik F, Fiorillo S, Miro JM, Schellenberg D, Easterbrook PJ
AIDS 2013 Jun 19;27(10):1603-13. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1. PMID: 23462220
Kaposi sarcoma: review and medical management update.
Fatahzadeh M
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012 Jan;113(1):2-16. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.011. PMID: 22677687
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M; IeDEA Southern and Central Africa
Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8. PMID: 20334848Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

S1 Guidelines for the Kaposi Sarcoma.
Esser S, Schöfer H, Hoffmann C, Claßen J, Kreuter A, Leiter U, Oette M, Becker JC, Ziemer M, Mosthaf F, Sirokay J, Ugurel S, Potthoff A, Helbig D, Bierhoff E, Schulz TF, Brockmeyer NH, Grabbe S
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022 Jun;20(6):892-904. Epub 2022 Jun 3 doi: 10.1111/ddg.14788. PMID: 35657085
Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC).
Lebbe C, Garbe C, Stratigos AJ, Harwood C, Peris K, Marmol VD, Malvehy J, Zalaudek I, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Forsea AM, Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Olah J, Arenberger P, Bylaite-Bucinskiene M, Vieira R, Middleton M, Levy A, Eggermont AM, Battistella M, Spano JP, Grob JJ, Pages C; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Eur J Cancer 2019 Jun;114:117-127. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.036. PMID: 31096150
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK.
Letang E, Lewis JJ, Bower M, Mosam A, Borok M, Campbell TB, Naniche D, Newsom-Davis T, Shaik F, Fiorillo S, Miro JM, Schellenberg D, Easterbrook PJ
AIDS 2013 Jun 19;27(10):1603-13. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1. PMID: 23462220
Treatment strategies for Kaposi sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities.
Krown SE
Curr Opin Oncol 2011 Sep;23(5):463-8. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e328349428d. PMID: 21681092Free PMC Article
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M; IeDEA Southern and Central Africa
Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8. PMID: 20334848Free PMC Article

Therapy

Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC).
Lebbe C, Garbe C, Stratigos AJ, Harwood C, Peris K, Marmol VD, Malvehy J, Zalaudek I, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Forsea AM, Kandolf-Sekulovic L, Olah J, Arenberger P, Bylaite-Bucinskiene M, Vieira R, Middleton M, Levy A, Eggermont AM, Battistella M, Spano JP, Grob JJ, Pages C; European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Eur J Cancer 2019 Jun;114:117-127. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.036. PMID: 31096150
Steroids are a risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and mortality in HIV infection.
Fernández-Sánchez M, Iglesias MC, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Ormsby CE, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Reyes-Terán G
AIDS 2016 Mar 27;30(6):909-14. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000993. PMID: 26636923Free PMC Article
Oral HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma.
Pantanowitz L, Khammissa RA, Lemmer J, Feller L
J Oral Pathol Med 2013 Mar;42(3):201-7. Epub 2012 Jun 5 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01180.x. PMID: 22672182
Kaposi sarcoma: review and medical management update.
Fatahzadeh M
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012 Jan;113(1):2-16. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.011. PMID: 22677687
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M; IeDEA Southern and Central Africa
Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8. PMID: 20334848Free PMC Article

Prognosis

S1 Guidelines for the Kaposi Sarcoma.
Esser S, Schöfer H, Hoffmann C, Claßen J, Kreuter A, Leiter U, Oette M, Becker JC, Ziemer M, Mosthaf F, Sirokay J, Ugurel S, Potthoff A, Helbig D, Bierhoff E, Schulz TF, Brockmeyer NH, Grabbe S
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022 Jun;20(6):892-904. Epub 2022 Jun 3 doi: 10.1111/ddg.14788. PMID: 35657085
Clinical characteristics, predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term prognosis in patients with Kaposi sarcoma.
Volkow P, Cesarman-Maus G, Garciadiego-Fossas P, Rojas-Marin E, Cornejo-Juárez P
AIDS Res Ther 2017 May 30;14(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12981-017-0156-9. PMID: 28558783Free PMC Article
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK.
Letang E, Lewis JJ, Bower M, Mosam A, Borok M, Campbell TB, Naniche D, Newsom-Davis T, Shaik F, Fiorillo S, Miro JM, Schellenberg D, Easterbrook PJ
AIDS 2013 Jun 19;27(10):1603-13. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1. PMID: 23462220
Oral HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma.
Pantanowitz L, Khammissa RA, Lemmer J, Feller L
J Oral Pathol Med 2013 Mar;42(3):201-7. Epub 2012 Jun 5 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01180.x. PMID: 22672182
Kaposi sarcoma: review and medical management update.
Fatahzadeh M
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012 Jan;113(1):2-16. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.011. PMID: 22677687

Clinical prediction guides

As-Needed Vs Immediate Etoposide Chemotherapy in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Resource-Limited Settings: A5264/AMC-067 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Hosseinipour MC, Kang M, Krown SE, Bukuru A, Umbleja T, Martin JN, Orem J, Godfrey C, Hoagland B, Mwelase N, Langat D, Nyirenda M, MacRae J, Borok M, Samaneka W, Moses A, Mngqbisa R, Busakhala N, Martínez-Maza O, Ambinder R, Dittmer DP, Nokta M, Campbell TB; A5264/AMC-067 REACT-KS Team
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Jul 2;67(2):251-260. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy044. PMID: 29365083Free PMC Article
Clinical characteristics, predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term prognosis in patients with Kaposi sarcoma.
Volkow P, Cesarman-Maus G, Garciadiego-Fossas P, Rojas-Marin E, Cornejo-Juárez P
AIDS Res Ther 2017 May 30;14(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12981-017-0156-9. PMID: 28558783Free PMC Article
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma: higher incidence and mortality in Africa than in the UK.
Letang E, Lewis JJ, Bower M, Mosam A, Borok M, Campbell TB, Naniche D, Newsom-Davis T, Shaik F, Fiorillo S, Miro JM, Schellenberg D, Easterbrook PJ
AIDS 2013 Jun 19;27(10):1603-13. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360a5a1. PMID: 23462220
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: incidence and implications for mortality.
Novak RM, Richardson JT, Buchacz K, Chmiel JS, Durham MD, Palella FJ, Wendrow A, Wood K, Young B, Brooks JT; HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators
AIDS 2012 Mar 27;26(6):721-30. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283511e91. PMID: 22233655Free PMC Article
Predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with kaposi sarcoma in mozambique: a prospective study.
Letang E, Almeida JM, Miró JM, Ayala E, White IE, Carrilho C, Bastos R, Nhampossa T, Menéndez C, Campbell TB, Alonso PL, Naniche D
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010 Apr;53(5):589-97. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181bc476f. PMID: 19801945

Recent systematic reviews

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M; IeDEA Southern and Central Africa
Lancet Infect Dis 2010 Apr;10(4):251-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8. PMID: 20334848Free PMC Article

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