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Substernal goiter

MedGen UID:
9066
•Concept ID:
C0018024
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Goiter, Substernal; Goiters, Substernal; Substernal Goiter; Substernal Goiters
SNOMED CT: Substernal goiter (66392007); Intrathoracic goiter (66392007); Retrosternal goiter (66392007); Substernal thyroid goiter (66392007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006986

Definition

An enlarged thyroid gland with at least 50% of the gland situated behind the sternum. It is an unusual presentation of an intrathoracic goiter. Substernal goiters frequently cause compression on the trachea leading to deviation, narrowing, and respiratory symptoms. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSubsternal goiter

Professional guidelines

PubMed

American Thyroid Association Statement on Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management in Adults.
Orloff LA, Wiseman SM, Bernet VJ, Fahey TJ 3rd, Shaha AR, Shindo ML, Snyder SK, Stack BC Jr, Sunwoo JB, Wang MB
Thyroid 2018 Jul;28(7):830-841. Epub 2018 Jun 29 doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0309. PMID: 29848235
Evidence-based surgical management of substernal goiter.
White ML, Doherty GM, Gauger PG
World J Surg 2008 Jul;32(7):1285-300. doi: 10.1007/s00268-008-9466-3. PMID: 18266028
Diagnosis and management of substernal goiter at the University of Crete.
Bizakis J, Karatzanis A, Hajiioannou J, Bourolias C, Maganas E, Spanakis E, Bizaki A, Velegrakis G
Surg Today 2008;38(2):99-103. Epub 2008 Feb 1 doi: 10.1007/s00595-006-3572-3. PMID: 18239864

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Surgical Management of Substernal Thyroid Goiters.
Bastien AJ, Ho AS
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2024 Feb;57(1):39-52. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.07.008. PMID: 37652811
Retrosternal goiter.
Švorcová M, Libánský P, Fialová M, Adámek S, Lischke R
Rozhl Chir 2020 Winter;99(11):492-496. PMID: 33445947
American Thyroid Association Statement on Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management in Adults.
Orloff LA, Wiseman SM, Bernet VJ, Fahey TJ 3rd, Shaha AR, Shindo ML, Snyder SK, Stack BC Jr, Sunwoo JB, Wang MB
Thyroid 2018 Jul;28(7):830-841. Epub 2018 Jun 29 doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0309. PMID: 29848235
Difficult thyroidectomies.
Pellizzo MR
G Chir 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):49-56. PMID: 26017102Free PMC Article
Substernal goiter.
Katlic MR, Wang CA, Grillo HC
Ann Thorac Surg 1985 Apr;39(4):391-9. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)62645-8. PMID: 3885887

Diagnosis

An overview of retrosternal goiter.
Knobel M
J Endocrinol Invest 2021 Apr;44(4):679-691. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01391-6. PMID: 32780357
Intrapericardial goiter.
Kocaman G, Yenigün BM, Çoruh AG, Koçak EM, Memmedyarow İ, Tural M, Sak SD, Yazıcıoğlu L, Akal RM
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 Sep;68(9):1051-1054. Epub 2019 Oct 3 doi: 10.1007/s11748-019-01211-6. PMID: 31583517
American Thyroid Association Statement on Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management in Adults.
Orloff LA, Wiseman SM, Bernet VJ, Fahey TJ 3rd, Shaha AR, Shindo ML, Snyder SK, Stack BC Jr, Sunwoo JB, Wang MB
Thyroid 2018 Jul;28(7):830-841. Epub 2018 Jun 29 doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0309. PMID: 29848235
Substernal goiter.
Newman E, Shaha AR
J Surg Oncol 1995 Nov;60(3):207-12. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930600313. PMID: 7475073
Substernal goiter.
Katlic MR, Wang CA, Grillo HC
Ann Thorac Surg 1985 Apr;39(4):391-9. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)62645-8. PMID: 3885887

Therapy

Surgical approach to the substernal goiter.
Hanson MA, Shaha AR, Wu JX
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Aug;33(4):101312. Epub 2019 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101312. PMID: 31477522Free PMC Article
American Thyroid Association Statement on Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management in Adults.
Orloff LA, Wiseman SM, Bernet VJ, Fahey TJ 3rd, Shaha AR, Shindo ML, Snyder SK, Stack BC Jr, Sunwoo JB, Wang MB
Thyroid 2018 Jul;28(7):830-841. Epub 2018 Jun 29 doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0309. PMID: 29848235
Surgery of the thyroid: recent developments and perspective.
Fortuny JV, Guigard S, Karenovics W, Triponez F
Swiss Med Wkly 2015;145:w14144. Epub 2015 Jul 28 doi: 10.4414/smw.2015.14144. PMID: 26218498
Difficult thyroidectomies.
Pellizzo MR
G Chir 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):49-56. PMID: 26017102Free PMC Article
Management of patients with substernal goiters.
Mack E
Surg Clin North Am 1995 Jun;75(3):377-94. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46628-4. PMID: 7747247

Prognosis

Retrosternal goiter in thoracic surgical practice.
Anikin V, Welman K, Asadi N, Dalal P, Reshetov I, Beddow E
Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021;(12):20-26. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202112120. PMID: 34941205
An overview of retrosternal goiter.
Knobel M
J Endocrinol Invest 2021 Apr;44(4):679-691. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01391-6. PMID: 32780357
Cancer Frequency in Retrosternal Goiter.
Sahbaz NA, Tutal F, Aksakal N, Acar S, Aksu KI, Barbaros U, Erbil Y
Am Surg 2017 Dec 1;83(12):1390-1393. PMID: 29336760
Retrosternal goiters.
Târcoveanu E, Vasilescu A, Vlad N, Niculescu D, Cotea E, Crumpei F, Dănilă N, Georgescu S, Mogoş V
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2012 Apr-Jun;116(2):523-31. PMID: 23077947
Substernal goiter: a clinical review.
Singh B, Lucente FE, Shaha AR
Am J Otolaryngol 1994 Nov-Dec;15(6):409-16. doi: 10.1016/0196-0709(94)90081-7. PMID: 7872476

Clinical prediction guides

Retrosternal goiter in thoracic surgical practice.
Anikin V, Welman K, Asadi N, Dalal P, Reshetov I, Beddow E
Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021;(12):20-26. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202112120. PMID: 34941205
Retrosternal goiter.
Švorcová M, Libánský P, Fialová M, Adámek S, Lischke R
Rozhl Chir 2020 Winter;99(11):492-496. PMID: 33445947
Substernal goiter: Experience with 50 cases.
Benbakh M, Abou-elfadl M, Rouadi S, Abada RL, Roubal M, Mahtar M
Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2016 Feb;133(1):19-22. Epub 2015 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.09.007. PMID: 26520480
Substernal goiter: when is a sternotomy required?
Nankee L, Chen H, Schneider DF, Sippel RS, Elfenbein DM
J Surg Res 2015 Nov;199(1):121-5. Epub 2015 Apr 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.045. PMID: 25976851Free PMC Article
Substernal goiter: when is a sternotomy required?
Coskun A, Yildirim M, Erkan N
Int Surg 2014 Jul-Aug;99(4):419-25. doi: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-14-00041.1. PMID: 25058777Free PMC Article

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