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Acute Retroviral Syndrome

MedGen UID:
907696
•Concept ID:
C1868989
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Retroviral Syndrome, Acute

Definition

Early stage of HIV infection. Symptoms resemble INFLUENZA or INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAcute Retroviral Syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Update on antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection.
Ambrosioni J, Nicolas D, Sued O, Agüero F, Manzardo C, Miro JM
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014 Jul;12(7):793-807. Epub 2014 May 7 doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.913981. PMID: 24803105
Acute HIV infection: diagnosis and management in the emergency department.
Self WH
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2010 May;28(2):381-92, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.002. PMID: 20413020
Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Soogoor M, Daar ES
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2005 Jun;2(2):55-60. doi: 10.1007/s11904-005-0019-1. PMID: 16091249

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute retroviral syndrome is associated with lower CD4 + T cell nadir and delayed viral suppression, which are blunted by immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Gabert R, Lama JR, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Cabello R, Sanchez H, Leon M, Huamani JV, MacRae J, Montalban E, Pasalar S, Ignacio RB, Duerr A; (for the Sabes Study team)
AIDS 2023 Jun 1;37(7):1103-1108. Epub 2023 Mar 14 doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003511. PMID: 36779502Free PMC Article
The life-threatening eruption in HIV and immunosuppression.
Ramos-E-Silva M, Secchin P, Trope B
Clin Dermatol 2020 Jan-Feb;38(1):52-62. Epub 2019 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.014. PMID: 32197749
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2018 May 2;66(10):1540-1549. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1063. PMID: 29228130Free PMC Article
Diagnosing acute HIV infection.
Yerly S, Hirschel B
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012 Jan;10(1):31-41. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.154. PMID: 22149612
Structured treatment interruption in patients infected with HIV: a new approach to therapy.
Gulick RM
Drugs 2002;62(2):245-53. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200262020-00001. PMID: 11817971

Diagnosis

Benefits of antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute HIV infection.
De Clercq J, Rutsaert S, De Scheerder MA, Verhofstede C, Callens S, Vandekerckhove L
Acta Clin Belg 2022 Feb;77(1):168-176. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1770413. PMID: 32468932
The life-threatening eruption in HIV and immunosuppression.
Ramos-E-Silva M, Secchin P, Trope B
Clin Dermatol 2020 Jan-Feb;38(1):52-62. Epub 2019 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.014. PMID: 32197749
Diagnosing acute HIV infection.
Yerly S, Hirschel B
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012 Jan;10(1):31-41. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.154. PMID: 22149612
Acute retroviral syndrome.
Macneal RJ, Dinulos JG
Dermatol Clin 2006 Oct;24(4):431-8, v. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2006.06.001. PMID: 17010773
Primary HIV infection.
Perrin L
Antivir Ther 1999;4 Suppl 3:13-8. PMID: 16021866

Therapy

Acute retroviral syndrome is associated with lower CD4 + T cell nadir and delayed viral suppression, which are blunted by immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Gabert R, Lama JR, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Cabello R, Sanchez H, Leon M, Huamani JV, MacRae J, Montalban E, Pasalar S, Ignacio RB, Duerr A; (for the Sabes Study team)
AIDS 2023 Jun 1;37(7):1103-1108. Epub 2023 Mar 14 doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003511. PMID: 36779502Free PMC Article
Benefits of antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute HIV infection.
De Clercq J, Rutsaert S, De Scheerder MA, Verhofstede C, Callens S, Vandekerckhove L
Acta Clin Belg 2022 Feb;77(1):168-176. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1770413. PMID: 32468932
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2018 May 2;66(10):1540-1549. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1063. PMID: 29228130Free PMC Article
Update on antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection.
Ambrosioni J, Nicolas D, Sued O, Agüero F, Manzardo C, Miro JM
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014 Jul;12(7):793-807. Epub 2014 May 7 doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.913981. PMID: 24803105
Primary HIV infection.
Perrin L
Antivir Ther 1999;4 Suppl 3:13-8. PMID: 16021866

Prognosis

The Interplay Between Replication Capacity of HIV-1 and Surrogate Markers of Disease.
Rindler AE, Kusejko K, Kuster H, Neumann K, Leemann C, Zeeb M, Chaudron SE, Braun DL, Kouyos RD, Metzner KJ, Günthard HF
J Infect Dis 2022 Sep 21;226(6):1057-1068. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac100. PMID: 35299248
A novel Acute Retroviral Syndrome Severity Score predicts the key surrogate markers for HIV-1 disease progression.
Braun DL, Kouyos R, Oberle C, Grube C, Joos B, Fellay J, McLaren PJ, Kuster H, Günthard HF
PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114111. Epub 2014 Dec 9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114111. PMID: 25490090Free PMC Article
Primary HIV infection.
Perrin L
Antivir Ther 1999;4 Suppl 3:13-8. PMID: 16021866
Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users. Italian Seroconversion Study.
Dorrucci M, Rezza G, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Sinicco A, Nicolosi A, Lazzarin A, Galai N, Gafà S, Pristerà R
AIDS 1995 Jun;9(6):597-604. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00011. PMID: 7662199
The acute retroviral syndrome and the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Clark SJ, Shaw GM
Semin Immunol 1993 Jun;5(3):149-55. doi: 10.1006/smim.1993.1018. PMID: 8347840

Clinical prediction guides

The Interplay Between Replication Capacity of HIV-1 and Surrogate Markers of Disease.
Rindler AE, Kusejko K, Kuster H, Neumann K, Leemann C, Zeeb M, Chaudron SE, Braun DL, Kouyos RD, Metzner KJ, Günthard HF
J Infect Dis 2022 Sep 21;226(6):1057-1068. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac100. PMID: 35299248
Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa.
Powers KA, Price MA, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilembe W, Allen S, Hunter E, Bekker LG, Lakhi S, Inambao M, Anzala O, Latka MH, Fast PE, Gilmour J, Sanders EJ
PLoS One 2018;13(4):e0192785. Epub 2018 Apr 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192785. PMID: 29614069Free PMC Article
Differences in acute retroviral syndrome by HIV-1 subtype in a multicentre cohort study in Africa.
Sanders EJ, Price MA, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilembe W, Bekker LG, Lakhi S, Inambao M, Anzala O, Fast PE, Gilmour J, Powers KA
AIDS 2017 Nov 28;31(18):2541-2546. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001659. PMID: 29028659Free PMC Article
Primary HIV infection.
Perrin L
Antivir Ther 1999;4 Suppl 3:13-8. PMID: 16021866
Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of acute retroviral syndrome among injecting drug users. Italian Seroconversion Study.
Dorrucci M, Rezza G, Vlahov D, Pezzotti P, Sinicco A, Nicolosi A, Lazzarin A, Galai N, Gafà S, Pristerà R
AIDS 1995 Jun;9(6):597-604. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00011. PMID: 7662199

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