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Acute Retroviral Syndrome

MedGen UID:
907696
•Concept ID:
C1868989
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Retroviral Syndrome, Acute

Definition

Early stage of HIV infection. Symptoms resemble INFLUENZA or INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAcute Retroviral Syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic HIV vaccines through analytical treatment interruptions.
Graziani GM, Angel JB
J Int AIDS Soc 2015;18(1):20497. Epub 2015 Nov 9 doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.20497. PMID: 26561337Free PMC Article
Update on antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection.
Ambrosioni J, Nicolas D, Sued O, Agüero F, Manzardo C, Miro JM
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014 Jul;12(7):793-807. Epub 2014 May 7 doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.913981. PMID: 24803105
Acute HIV infection: diagnosis and management in the emergency department.
Self WH
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2010 May;28(2):381-92, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.002. PMID: 20413020

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute retroviral syndrome is associated with lower CD4 + T cell nadir and delayed viral suppression, which are blunted by immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Gabert R, Lama JR, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Cabello R, Sanchez H, Leon M, Huamani JV, MacRae J, Montalban E, Pasalar S, Ignacio RB, Duerr A; (for the Sabes Study team)
AIDS 2023 Jun 1;37(7):1103-1108. Epub 2023 Mar 14 doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003511. PMID: 36779502Free PMC Article
The life-threatening eruption in HIV and immunosuppression.
Ramos-E-Silva M, Secchin P, Trope B
Clin Dermatol 2020 Jan-Feb;38(1):52-62. Epub 2019 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.014. PMID: 32197749
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2018 May 2;66(10):1540-1549. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1063. PMID: 29228130Free PMC Article
Differences in acute retroviral syndrome by HIV-1 subtype in a multicentre cohort study in Africa.
Sanders EJ, Price MA, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilembe W, Bekker LG, Lakhi S, Inambao M, Anzala O, Fast PE, Gilmour J, Powers KA
AIDS 2017 Nov 28;31(18):2541-2546. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001659. PMID: 29028659Free PMC Article
Diagnosing acute HIV infection.
Yerly S, Hirschel B
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012 Jan;10(1):31-41. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.154. PMID: 22149612

Diagnosis

Mimics of Monkeypox: Considerations for the emergency medicine clinician.
Long B, Liang SY, Carius BM, Chavez S, Gottlieb M, Koyfman A, Brady WJ
Am J Emerg Med 2023 Mar;65:172-178. Epub 2023 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.01.007. PMID: 36640626Free PMC Article
Benefits of antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute HIV infection.
De Clercq J, Rutsaert S, De Scheerder MA, Verhofstede C, Callens S, Vandekerckhove L
Acta Clin Belg 2022 Feb;77(1):168-176. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1770413. PMID: 32468932
The life-threatening eruption in HIV and immunosuppression.
Ramos-E-Silva M, Secchin P, Trope B
Clin Dermatol 2020 Jan-Feb;38(1):52-62. Epub 2019 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.014. PMID: 32197749
Diagnosing acute HIV infection.
Yerly S, Hirschel B
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012 Jan;10(1):31-41. doi: 10.1586/eri.11.154. PMID: 22149612
Acute retroviral syndrome.
Macneal RJ, Dinulos JG
Dermatol Clin 2006 Oct;24(4):431-8, v. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2006.06.001. PMID: 17010773

Therapy

Acute retroviral syndrome is associated with lower CD4 + T cell nadir and delayed viral suppression, which are blunted by immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Gabert R, Lama JR, Valdez R, Dasgupta S, Cabello R, Sanchez H, Leon M, Huamani JV, MacRae J, Montalban E, Pasalar S, Ignacio RB, Duerr A; (for the Sabes Study team)
AIDS 2023 Jun 1;37(7):1103-1108. Epub 2023 Mar 14 doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003511. PMID: 36779502Free PMC Article
Benefits of antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute HIV infection.
De Clercq J, Rutsaert S, De Scheerder MA, Verhofstede C, Callens S, Vandekerckhove L
Acta Clin Belg 2022 Feb;77(1):168-176. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1770413. PMID: 32468932
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2018 May 2;66(10):1540-1549. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1063. PMID: 29228130Free PMC Article
Evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic HIV vaccines through analytical treatment interruptions.
Graziani GM, Angel JB
J Int AIDS Soc 2015;18(1):20497. Epub 2015 Nov 9 doi: 10.7448/IAS.18.1.20497. PMID: 26561337Free PMC Article
Update on antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection.
Ambrosioni J, Nicolas D, Sued O, Agüero F, Manzardo C, Miro JM
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014 Jul;12(7):793-807. Epub 2014 May 7 doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.913981. PMID: 24803105

Prognosis

Clinical Characteristics of Retroviral Rebound Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Akagi Y, Tanaka K, Mawatari M, Toda Y, Kumasaka T, Ueda A
Intern Med 2023;62(7):1089-1093. Epub 2023 Apr 1 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9661-22. PMID: 37005296Free PMC Article
The Interplay Between Replication Capacity of HIV-1 and Surrogate Markers of Disease.
Rindler AE, Kusejko K, Kuster H, Neumann K, Leemann C, Zeeb M, Chaudron SE, Braun DL, Kouyos RD, Metzner KJ, Günthard HF
J Infect Dis 2022 Sep 21;226(6):1057-1068. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac100. PMID: 35299248
Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa.
Powers KA, Price MA, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilembe W, Allen S, Hunter E, Bekker LG, Lakhi S, Inambao M, Anzala O, Latka MH, Fast PE, Gilmour J, Sanders EJ
PLoS One 2018;13(4):e0192785. Epub 2018 Apr 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192785. PMID: 29614069Free PMC Article
A novel Acute Retroviral Syndrome Severity Score predicts the key surrogate markers for HIV-1 disease progression.
Braun DL, Kouyos R, Oberle C, Grube C, Joos B, Fellay J, McLaren PJ, Kuster H, Günthard HF
PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114111. Epub 2014 Dec 9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114111. PMID: 25490090Free PMC Article
The acute retroviral syndrome and the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Clark SJ, Shaw GM
Semin Immunol 1993 Jun;5(3):149-55. doi: 10.1006/smim.1993.1018. PMID: 8347840

Clinical prediction guides

Cytokine Storm Syndrome as a Manifestation of Primary HIV Infection.
Erdmann N, Heath SL
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1448:269-274. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_18. PMID: 39117820
The Interplay Between Replication Capacity of HIV-1 and Surrogate Markers of Disease.
Rindler AE, Kusejko K, Kuster H, Neumann K, Leemann C, Zeeb M, Chaudron SE, Braun DL, Kouyos RD, Metzner KJ, Günthard HF
J Infect Dis 2022 Sep 21;226(6):1057-1068. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac100. PMID: 35299248
Clinical Mimics: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Review of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Mimics.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 May;54(5):619-629. Epub 2018 Mar 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.01.031. PMID: 29523424
Differences in acute retroviral syndrome by HIV-1 subtype in a multicentre cohort study in Africa.
Sanders EJ, Price MA, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilembe W, Bekker LG, Lakhi S, Inambao M, Anzala O, Fast PE, Gilmour J, Powers KA
AIDS 2017 Nov 28;31(18):2541-2546. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001659. PMID: 29028659Free PMC Article
A novel Acute Retroviral Syndrome Severity Score predicts the key surrogate markers for HIV-1 disease progression.
Braun DL, Kouyos R, Oberle C, Grube C, Joos B, Fellay J, McLaren PJ, Kuster H, Günthard HF
PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114111. Epub 2014 Dec 9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114111. PMID: 25490090Free PMC Article

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