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Infarct

MedGen UID:
9461
•Concept ID:
C0021308
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Infarction; Infarctions; Infarcts
SNOMED CT: Infarct (55641003); Infarction (55641003)

Definition

A localized pathological necrosis of tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply usually by a thrombus, an embolus, or vascular torsion. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of acute ischemic stroke.
Phipps MS, Cronin CA
BMJ 2020 Feb 13;368:l6983. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l6983. PMID: 32054610
Calciphylaxis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.
Chang JJ
Adv Skin Wound Care 2019 May;32(5):205-215. doi: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000554443.14002.13. PMID: 31008757
Guidelines for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke.
Alonso de Leciñana M, Egido JA, Casado I, Ribó M, Dávalos A, Masjuan J, Caniego JL, Martínez Vila E, Díez Tejedor E; ad hoc committee of the SEN Study Group for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fuentes B, Álvarez-Sabin J, Arenillas J, Calleja S, Castellanos M, Castillo J, Díaz-Otero F, López-Fernández JC, Freijo M, Gállego J, García-Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Gilo F, Irimia P, Lago A, Maestre J, Martí-Fábregas J, Martínez-Sánchez P, Molina C, Morales A, Nombela F, Purroy F, Rodríguez-Yañez M, Roquer J, Rubio F, Segura T, Serena J, Simal P, Tejada J, Vivancos J; Spanish Neurological Society
Neurologia 2014 Mar;29(2):102-22. Epub 2011 Dec 6 doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.09.012. PMID: 22152803

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Infarct Progression in the Early and Late Phases of Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Saber H, Liebeskind DS
Neurology 2021 Nov 16;97(20 Suppl 2):S60-S67. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012795. PMID: 34785605
Causes and Secondary Prevention of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Adults.
Jensen M, Thomalla G
Hamostaseologie 2020 Feb;40(1):22-30. Epub 2019 Oct 24 doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1700502. PMID: 31648355
Why Is Infarct Expansion Such an Elusive Therapeutic Target?
Richardson WJ, Holmes JW
J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015 Oct;8(7):421-30. Epub 2015 Sep 21 doi: 10.1007/s12265-015-9652-2. PMID: 26390882Free PMC Article
Lacunar infarct.
Lastilla M
Clin Exp Hypertens 2006 Apr-May;28(3-4):205-15. doi: 10.1080/10641960600549082. PMID: 16833026
Myocardial infarct expansion, infarct extension, and reinfarction: pathophysiologic concepts.
Weisman HF, Healy B
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1987 Sep-Oct;30(2):73-110. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(87)90004-1. PMID: 2888158

Diagnosis

Causes and Secondary Prevention of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Adults.
Jensen M, Thomalla G
Hamostaseologie 2020 Feb;40(1):22-30. Epub 2019 Oct 24 doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1700502. PMID: 31648355
Coronary microvascular obstruction: the new frontier in cardioprotection.
Heusch G
Basic Res Cardiol 2019 Oct 15;114(6):45. doi: 10.1007/s00395-019-0756-8. PMID: 31617010
Diagnosis and management of spinal cord emergencies.
Flanagan EP, Pittock SJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2017;140:319-335. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00017-9. PMID: 28187806
Why Is Infarct Expansion Such an Elusive Therapeutic Target?
Richardson WJ, Holmes JW
J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015 Oct;8(7):421-30. Epub 2015 Sep 21 doi: 10.1007/s12265-015-9652-2. PMID: 26390882Free PMC Article
Myocardial infarct expansion, infarct extension, and reinfarction: pathophysiologic concepts.
Weisman HF, Healy B
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1987 Sep-Oct;30(2):73-110. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(87)90004-1. PMID: 2888158

Therapy

Basilar Artery Occlusion Chinese Endovascular Trial: Protocol for a prospective randomized controlled study.
Li C, Wu C, Wu L, Zhao W, Chen J, Ren M, Yao C, Yan X, Dong C, Song H, Ma Q, Duan J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jiao L, Wang Y, Jovin TG, Ji X; BAOCHE Investigators
Int J Stroke 2022 Jul;17(6):694-697. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1177/17474930211040923. PMID: 34427475
Cardiac MRI Endpoints in Myocardial Infarction Experimental and Clinical Trials: JACC Scientific Expert Panel.
Ibanez B, Aletras AH, Arai AE, Arheden H, Bax J, Berry C, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Croisille P, Dall'Armellina E, Dharmakumar R, Eitel I, Fernández-Jiménez R, Friedrich MG, García-Dorado D, Hausenloy DJ, Kim RJ, Kozerke S, Kramer CM, Salerno M, Sánchez-González J, Sanz J, Fuster V
J Am Coll Cardiol 2019 Jul 16;74(2):238-256. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.024. PMID: 31296297Free PMC Article
Updates on Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review.
Eisen A, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Sep 1;1(6):718-30. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2049. PMID: 27438381
Evolving therapies for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Ibáñez B, Heusch G, Ovize M, Van de Werf F
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Apr 14;65(14):1454-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.032. PMID: 25857912
Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group.
Lancet 1988 Aug 13;2(8607):349-60. PMID: 2899772

Prognosis

Bone Infarct-Associated Osteosarcoma: Epidemiologic and Survival Trends.
Laranga R, Focaccia M, Evangelista A, Lucarelli E, Donati DM, Spazzoli B
Oncol Res Treat 2022;45(6):326-335. Epub 2022 Jan 14 doi: 10.1159/000521986. PMID: 35034028
Stroke in critically ill patients.
Pilato F, Profice P, Dileone M, Ranieri F, Capone F, Minicuci G, Tagliente D, Florio L, Di Iorio R, Plantone D, Tonali PA, Di Lazzaro V
Minerva Anestesiol 2009 May;75(5):245-50. Epub 2008 Jul 18 PMID: 18636061
Early poststroke seizures.
Feleppa M, Di Iorio W, Saracino DM
Clin Exp Hypertens 2006 Apr-May;28(3-4):265-70. doi: 10.1080/10641960600549215. PMID: 16833033
Myocardial infarction in women.
Mendelson MA, Hendel RC
Cardiology 1995;86(4):272-85. doi: 10.1159/000176891. PMID: 7553702
Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction.
Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C
Lancet 1991 Jun 22;337(8756):1521-6. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o. PMID: 1675378

Clinical prediction guides

Cardiac Fibroblast Activation in Patients Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Integration with MR Tissue Characterization and Subsequent Functional Outcome.
Diekmann J, Koenig T, Thackeray JT, Derlin T, Czerner C, Neuser J, Ross TL, Schäfer A, Tillmanns J, Bauersachs J, Bengel FM
J Nucl Med 2022 Sep;63(9):1415-1423. Epub 2022 Feb 24 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263555. PMID: 35210301Free PMC Article
ERASER.
Fiehler J, Thomalla G, Bernhardt M, Kniep H, Berlis A, Dorn F, Eckert B, Kemmling A, Langner S, Remonda L, Reith W, Rohde S, Möhlenbruch M, Bendszus M, Forkert ND, Gellissen S
Stroke 2019 May;50(5):1275-1278. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024858. PMID: 31009356
Clinical and magnetic resonance evolution of "infarct-like" myocarditis.
Faletti R, Gatti M, Baralis I, Bergamasco L, Bonamini R, Ferroni F, Imazio M, Stola S, Gaita F, Fonio P
Radiol Med 2017 Apr;122(4):273-279. Epub 2017 Jan 9 doi: 10.1007/s11547-016-0723-5. PMID: 28070840
e-NIHSS: an Expanded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Weighted for Anterior and Posterior Circulation Strokes.
Olivato S, Nizzoli S, Cavazzuti M, Casoni F, Nichelli PF, Zini A
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016 Dec;25(12):2953-2957. Epub 2016 Sep 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.011. PMID: 27693107
Poor Gait Performance and Prediction of Dementia: Results From a Meta-Analysis.
Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Callisaya ML, De Cock AM, Helbostad JL, Kressig RW, Srikanth V, Steinmetz JP, Blumen HM, Verghese J, Allali G
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016 Jun 1;17(6):482-90. Epub 2016 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.092. PMID: 26852960Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Risk factors and predictors for venous thromboembolism in people with ischemic stroke: A systematic review.
Tøndel BG, Morelli VM, Hansen JB, Braekkan SK
J Thromb Haemost 2022 Oct;20(10):2173-2186. Epub 2022 Jul 28 doi: 10.1111/jth.15813. PMID: 35815351Free PMC Article
Factors Associated With Post-Stroke Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Thilarajah S, Mentiplay BF, Bower KJ, Tan D, Pua YH, Williams G, Koh G, Clark RA
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Sep;99(9):1876-1889. Epub 2017 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.09.117. PMID: 29056502
Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Wahid A, Manek N, Nichols M, Kelly P, Foster C, Webster P, Kaur A, Friedemann Smith C, Wilkins E, Rayner M, Roberts N, Scarborough P
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Sep 14;5(9) doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002495. PMID: 27628572Free PMC Article
Poor Gait Performance and Prediction of Dementia: Results From a Meta-Analysis.
Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Callisaya ML, De Cock AM, Helbostad JL, Kressig RW, Srikanth V, Steinmetz JP, Blumen HM, Verghese J, Allali G
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016 Jun 1;17(6):482-90. Epub 2016 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.092. PMID: 26852960Free PMC Article
Systematic review of patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary arteries.
Pasupathy S, Air T, Dreyer RP, Tavella R, Beltrame JF
Circulation 2015 Mar 10;131(10):861-70. Epub 2015 Jan 13 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011201. PMID: 25587100

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