Taurodontism, microdontia, and dens invaginatus (TMDI) is an X-linked recessive disorder in which affected individuals exhibit generalized abnormally small teeth, with molars that have a crown and pulp chamber that are disproportionately and vertically longer than the roots (taurodontism). In addition, multiple teeth exhibit dens invaginatus, the formation of a tooth within a tooth, resulting either from the dental papilla folding into the developing tooth or the enamel folding into the dental papilla (Casamassimo et al., 1978; Gowans et al., 2019). [from
OMIM]