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Joubert syndrome 26(JBTS26)

MedGen UID:
900415
Concept ID:
C4084843
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: JBTS26
 
Gene (location): KATNIP (16p12.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014771
OMIM®: 616784

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Joubert Syndrome
Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Melissa Parisi  |  Ian Glass   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Joubert syndrome-26 (JBTS26) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by global developmental delay associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and variable additional abnormalities, including hypotonia and possibly pituitary abnormalities (summary by Sanders et al., 2015). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see 213300.  http://www.omim.org/entry/616784

Clinical features

From HPO
Micropenis
MedGen UID:
1633603
Concept ID:
C4551492
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Panhypopituitarism
MedGen UID:
69171
Concept ID:
C0242343
Disease or Syndrome
A pituitary functional deficit affecting all the anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin).
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
333548
Concept ID:
C1840379
Finding
Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.
Frontal bossing
MedGen UID:
67453
Concept ID:
C0221354
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections
MedGen UID:
154380
Concept ID:
C0581381
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (running ears - otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis).
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Cleft palate
MedGen UID:
756015
Concept ID:
C2981150
Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Cleft lip
MedGen UID:
1370297
Concept ID:
C4321245
Anatomical Abnormality
A gap in the lip or lips.
Central hypothyroidism
MedGen UID:
488836
Concept ID:
C0271801
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hypothyroidism due to an insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. Central hypothyroidism is caused by either pituitary (secondary hypothyroidism) or hypothalamic (tertiary hypothyroidism) defects.
Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test
MedGen UID:
1784655
Concept ID:
C5539399
Finding
Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests.
Ptosis
MedGen UID:
2287
Concept ID:
C0005745
Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G
J Mother Child 2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034. PMID: 36803942Free PMC Article
Tang X, Liu C, Liu X, Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Ma D, Cao G, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Cheng L, Wu Y, Hou L, Li Y, Shao X, Zheng S, Zhang A, Zheng B, Jian S, Rong Z, Su Q, Gao X, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H; Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database (CCGKDD); “Internet Plus” Nephrology Alliance of the National Center for Children’s Care
J Med Genet 2022 Feb;59(2):147-154. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107184. PMID: 33323469
Yamasaki M, Nonaka M, Bamba Y, Teramoto C, Ban C, Pooh RK
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012 Dec;17(6):330-5. Epub 2012 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.07.004. PMID: 23089488

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Simonini C, Floeck A, Strizek B, Mueller A, Gembruch U, Geipel A
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022 Jul;306(1):71-83. Epub 2021 Oct 1 doi: 10.1007/s00404-021-06265-7. PMID: 34596737Free PMC Article
Tang X, Liu C, Liu X, Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Ma D, Cao G, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Cheng L, Wu Y, Hou L, Li Y, Shao X, Zheng S, Zhang A, Zheng B, Jian S, Rong Z, Su Q, Gao X, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H; Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database (CCGKDD); “Internet Plus” Nephrology Alliance of the National Center for Children’s Care
J Med Genet 2022 Feb;59(2):147-154. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107184. PMID: 33323469
Surl D, Shin S, Lee ST, Choi JR, Lee J, Byeon SH, Han SH, Lim HT, Han J
Mol Vis 2020;26:26-35. Epub 2020 Feb 24 PMID: 32165824Free PMC Article
Vilboux T, Doherty DA, Glass IA, Parisi MA, Phelps IG, Cullinane AR, Zein W, Brooks BP, Heller T, Soldatos A, Oden NL, Yildirimli D, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Nisc Comparative Sequencing Program, Malicdan MCV, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M
Genet Med 2017 Aug;19(8):875-882. Epub 2017 Jan 26 doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.204. PMID: 28125082Free PMC Article
Watson CM, Crinnion LA, Berry IR, Harrison SM, Lascelles C, Antanaviciute A, Charlton RS, Dobbie A, Carr IM, Bonthron DT
BMC Med Genet 2016 Jan 4;17:1. doi: 10.1186/s12881-015-0265-z. PMID: 26729329Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Patra S, Goyal G, Lone YA, Gupta G
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 31;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255561. PMID: 37258045Free PMC Article
Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G
J Mother Child 2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034. PMID: 36803942Free PMC Article
Simonini C, Floeck A, Strizek B, Mueller A, Gembruch U, Geipel A
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022 Jul;306(1):71-83. Epub 2021 Oct 1 doi: 10.1007/s00404-021-06265-7. PMID: 34596737Free PMC Article
Tang X, Liu C, Liu X, Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Ma D, Cao G, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Cheng L, Wu Y, Hou L, Li Y, Shao X, Zheng S, Zhang A, Zheng B, Jian S, Rong Z, Su Q, Gao X, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H; Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database (CCGKDD); “Internet Plus” Nephrology Alliance of the National Center for Children’s Care
J Med Genet 2022 Feb;59(2):147-154. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107184. PMID: 33323469
Boltshauser E, Forster I, Deonna T, Willi U
Neuropediatrics 1995 Dec;26(6):320-1. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979782. PMID: 8719748

Therapy

Wu B, Yao J, Wu GY, Li X, Gao WJ, Zhang RW, Sui JF
Neuropsychologia 2018 Aug;117:551-557. Epub 2018 Jul 18 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.021. PMID: 30031016
Srivastava S, Ramsbottom SA, Molinari E, Alkanderi S, Filby A, White K, Henry C, Saunier S, Miles CG, Sayer JA
Hum Mol Genet 2017 Dec 1;26(23):4657-4667. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx347. PMID: 28973549Free PMC Article
Lee SH, Nam TS, Li W, Kim JH, Yoon W, Choi YD, Kim KH, Cai H, Kim MJ, Kim C, Choy HE, Kim N, Chay KO, Kim MK, Choi SY
Sci Rep 2017 Aug 31;7(1):10222. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10652-z. PMID: 28860541Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Zhang K, Meng C, Ma J, Gao M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Gai Z
Clin Dysmorphol 2017 Jul;26(3):135-141. doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000183. PMID: 28505061
Vilboux T, Doherty DA, Glass IA, Parisi MA, Phelps IG, Cullinane AR, Zein W, Brooks BP, Heller T, Soldatos A, Oden NL, Yildirimli D, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Nisc Comparative Sequencing Program, Malicdan MCV, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M
Genet Med 2017 Aug;19(8):875-882. Epub 2017 Jan 26 doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.204. PMID: 28125082Free PMC Article
Yamasaki M, Nonaka M, Bamba Y, Teramoto C, Ban C, Pooh RK
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012 Dec;17(6):330-5. Epub 2012 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.07.004. PMID: 23089488
Tory K, Lacoste T, Burglen L, Morinière V, Boddaert N, Macher MA, Llanas B, Nivet H, Bensman A, Niaudet P, Antignac C, Salomon R, Saunier S
J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 May;18(5):1566-75. Epub 2007 Apr 4 doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006101164. PMID: 17409309

Clinical prediction guides

Simonini C, Floeck A, Strizek B, Mueller A, Gembruch U, Geipel A
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022 Jul;306(1):71-83. Epub 2021 Oct 1 doi: 10.1007/s00404-021-06265-7. PMID: 34596737Free PMC Article
Tang X, Liu C, Liu X, Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Ma D, Cao G, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Cheng L, Wu Y, Hou L, Li Y, Shao X, Zheng S, Zhang A, Zheng B, Jian S, Rong Z, Su Q, Gao X, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H; Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database (CCGKDD); “Internet Plus” Nephrology Alliance of the National Center for Children’s Care
J Med Genet 2022 Feb;59(2):147-154. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107184. PMID: 33323469
Bonnard C, Shboul M, Tonekaboni SH, Ng AYJ, Tohari S, Ghosh K, Lai A, Lim JY, Tan EC, Devisme L, Stichelbout M, Alkindi A, Banu N, Yüksel Z, Ghoumid J, Elkhartoufi N, Boutaud L, Micalizzi A, Brett MS, Venkatesh B, Valente EM, Attié-Bitach T, Reversade B, Kariminejad A
Eur J Med Genet 2018 Oct;61(10):585-595. Epub 2018 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.012. PMID: 29605658
Asadollahi R, Strauss JE, Zenker M, Beuing O, Edvardson S, Elpeleg O, Strom TM, Joset P, Niedrist D, Otte C, Oneda B, Boonsawat P, Azzarello-Burri S, Bartholdi D, Papik M, Zweier M, Haas C, Ekici AB, Baumer A, Boltshauser E, Steindl K, Nothnagel M, Schinzel A, Stoeckli ET, Rauch A
Eur J Hum Genet 2018 Feb;26(2):197-209. Epub 2018 Jan 10 doi: 10.1038/s41431-017-0019-9. PMID: 29321670Free PMC Article
Zhang K, Meng C, Ma J, Gao M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Gai Z
Clin Dysmorphol 2017 Jul;26(3):135-141. doi: 10.1097/MCD.0000000000000183. PMID: 28505061

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