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Glaucoma, primary closed-angle(GLCC)

MedGen UID:
1712967
•Concept ID:
C5394374
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: GLAUCOMA, PRIMARY CLOSED ANGLE; GLAUCOMA, PRIMARY CLOSED-ANGLE; GLCC
 
Gene (location): COL18A1 (21q22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030038
OMIM®: 618880

Definition

Primary closed-angle glaucoma (GLCC) is characterized by age-related variation in the degree of iridocorneal angle closure and its sequelae, with patients in the first 3 decades of life showing a normal eye exam, whereas older patients progressively show more evidence of angle closure and glaucomatous damage, including optic nerve head changes and visual field defects (Suri et al., 2018). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Angle-closure glaucoma
MedGen UID:
6610
•Concept ID:
C0017605
•
Disease or Syndrome
A type of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in an eye that has evidence of angle closure (i.e. significant iridotrabecular contact).
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Anterior synechiae of the anterior chamber
MedGen UID:
488783
•Concept ID:
C0152252
•
Disease or Syndrome
Adhesions between the iris and the cornea.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Raised intraocular pressure
MedGen UID:
68606
•Concept ID:
C0234708
•
Finding
Intraocular pressure that is 2 standard deviations above the population mean.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Increased cup-to-disc ratio
MedGen UID:
812241
•Concept ID:
C3805911
•
Finding
An elevation in the ratio of the diameter of the cup of the optic disc to the total diameter of the disk. The optic disc has an orange-pink rim with a pale center (the cup) that does not contain neuroretinal tissue. An increase in this ratio therefore may indicate a decrease in the quantity of healthy neuroretinal cells.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Visual field defect
MedGen UID:
854603
•Concept ID:
C3887875
•
Finding
An absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Contemporary approach to the diagnosis and management of primary angle-closure disease.
Razeghinejad MR, Myers JS
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Nov-Dec;63(6):754-768. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.001. PMID: 29777727
Management of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.
Lai J, Choy BN, Shum JW
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Jan-Feb;5(1):59-62. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000180. PMID: 26886121
Guidelines for treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Muñoz-Negrete FJ, González-Martín-Moro J, Casas-Llera P, Urcelay-Segura JL, Rebolleda G, Ussa F, Güerri Monclús N, Méndez Hernández C, Moreno-Montañés J, Villegas Pérez MP, Pablo LE, García-Feijoó J
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2015 Mar;90(3):119-38. Epub 2014 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2014.09.014. PMID: 25459683

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Infections and glaucoma.
Aldaas K, Challa P, Weber DJ, Fleischman D
Surv Ophthalmol 2022 May-Jun;67(3):637-658. Epub 2021 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.009. PMID: 34487741
Iris and its relevance to angle closure disease: a review.
Soh ZD, Thakur S, Majithia S, Nongpiur ME, Cheng CY
Br J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan;105(1):3-8. Epub 2020 Mar 19 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316075. PMID: 32193222
Cataract surgery and intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Young CEC, Seibold LK, Kahook MY
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan;31(1):15-22. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000623. PMID: 31688225
Contemporary approach to the diagnosis and management of primary angle-closure disease.
Razeghinejad MR, Myers JS
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Nov-Dec;63(6):754-768. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.001. PMID: 29777727
Guidelines for treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Muñoz-Negrete FJ, González-Martín-Moro J, Casas-Llera P, Urcelay-Segura JL, Rebolleda G, Ussa F, Güerri Monclús N, Méndez Hernández C, Moreno-Montañés J, Villegas Pérez MP, Pablo LE, García-Feijoó J
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2015 Mar;90(3):119-38. Epub 2014 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2014.09.014. PMID: 25459683

Diagnosis

Recent advances in anterior chamber angle imaging.
Porporato N, Baskaran M, Husain R, Aung T
Eye (Lond) 2020 Jan;34(1):51-59. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0655-0. PMID: 31666710Free PMC Article
Contemporary approach to the diagnosis and management of primary angle-closure disease.
Razeghinejad MR, Myers JS
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Nov-Dec;63(6):754-768. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.001. PMID: 29777727
Biomarkers in primary open angle glaucoma.
Kokotas H, Kroupis C, Chiras D, Grigoriadou M, Lamnissou K, Petersen MB, Kitsos G
Clin Chem Lab Med 2012 Dec;50(12):2107-19. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0048. PMID: 22745021
Emergencies in glaucoma: a review.
Collignon NJ
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2005;(296):71-81. PMID: 16050422
Gonioscopy in primary angle closure glaucoma.
Bruno CA, Alward WL
Semin Ophthalmol 2002 Jun;17(2):59-68. doi: 10.1076/soph.17.2.59.14721. PMID: 15513458

Therapy

Cataract surgery and intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Young CEC, Seibold LK, Kahook MY
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan;31(1):15-22. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000623. PMID: 31688225
Management of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.
Lai J, Choy BN, Shum JW
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Jan-Feb;5(1):59-62. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000180. PMID: 26886121
Guidelines for treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Muñoz-Negrete FJ, González-Martín-Moro J, Casas-Llera P, Urcelay-Segura JL, Rebolleda G, Ussa F, Güerri Monclús N, Méndez Hernández C, Moreno-Montañés J, Villegas Pérez MP, Pablo LE, García-Feijoó J
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2015 Mar;90(3):119-38. Epub 2014 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2014.09.014. PMID: 25459683
Emergencies in glaucoma: a review.
Collignon NJ
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2005;(296):71-81. PMID: 16050422
Acute primary closed-angle glaucoma in Chinese people.
Cooper R
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1999 Oct;27(5):360. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00252.x. PMID: 10571401

Prognosis

Iris and its relevance to angle closure disease: a review.
Soh ZD, Thakur S, Majithia S, Nongpiur ME, Cheng CY
Br J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan;105(1):3-8. Epub 2020 Mar 19 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316075. PMID: 32193222
Cataract surgery and intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Young CEC, Seibold LK, Kahook MY
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan;31(1):15-22. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000623. PMID: 31688225
Recent advances in anterior chamber angle imaging.
Porporato N, Baskaran M, Husain R, Aung T
Eye (Lond) 2020 Jan;34(1):51-59. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0655-0. PMID: 31666710Free PMC Article
Biomarkers in primary open angle glaucoma.
Kokotas H, Kroupis C, Chiras D, Grigoriadou M, Lamnissou K, Petersen MB, Kitsos G
Clin Chem Lab Med 2012 Dec;50(12):2107-19. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0048. PMID: 22745021
The epidemiology of primary angle closure and associated glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Foster PJ
Semin Ophthalmol 2002 Jun;17(2):50-8. doi: 10.1076/soph.17.2.50.14718. PMID: 15513457

Clinical prediction guides

Predictibility of the efficacy of peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure: Utility of UBM.
Sellam M, Aland M, Perrenoud F, Caillaux V, Streho M, Puech M
J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 Feb;45(2):201-206. Epub 2022 Jan 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.09.006. PMID: 34980515
Iris and its relevance to angle closure disease: a review.
Soh ZD, Thakur S, Majithia S, Nongpiur ME, Cheng CY
Br J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan;105(1):3-8. Epub 2020 Mar 19 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316075. PMID: 32193222
Biomarkers in primary open angle glaucoma.
Kokotas H, Kroupis C, Chiras D, Grigoriadou M, Lamnissou K, Petersen MB, Kitsos G
Clin Chem Lab Med 2012 Dec;50(12):2107-19. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0048. PMID: 22745021
Modified dark room provocative test for primary angle closure.
Li D, Wang N, Wang B, Wang T, Jonas JB
J Glaucoma 2012 Mar;21(3):155-9. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31820bd215. PMID: 21336147
Acute closed-angle glaucoma and Nd-YAG laser iridotomy.
Saunders DC
Br J Ophthalmol 1990 Sep;74(9):523-5. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.9.523. PMID: 2393642Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Fornix-based versus limbal-based conjunctival trabeculectomy flaps for glaucoma.
Theventhiran AB, Kim G, Yao W
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Aug 26;8(8):CD009380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009380.pub3. PMID: 34437715Free PMC Article
Fornix-based versus limbal-based conjunctival trabeculectomy flaps for glaucoma.
Al-Haddad C, Abdulaal M, Al-Moujahed A, Ervin AM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Nov 25;11(11):CD009380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009380.pub2. PMID: 26599668Free PMC Article
Guidelines for treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Muñoz-Negrete FJ, González-Martín-Moro J, Casas-Llera P, Urcelay-Segura JL, Rebolleda G, Ussa F, Güerri Monclús N, Méndez Hernández C, Moreno-Montañés J, Villegas Pérez MP, Pablo LE, García-Feijoó J
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2015 Mar;90(3):119-38. Epub 2014 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2014.09.014. PMID: 25459683

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