MedGen

The Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (1988) classified headache associated with sexual activity (HSA) as an idiopathic headache under 'miscellaneous headaches unassociated with structural lesions.' Based on initial descriptions, 3 subtypes are differentiated: type 1 is a dull ache in the head and neck that slowly intensifies as sexual excitement increases, and is believed to be caused by muscle contraction similar to tension-type headache; type 2, also called 'vascular-type,' is a sudden severe, explosive headache occurring at orgasm, which may be due to increased intracranial pressure; type 3, the most uncommon type, is a postural headache resembling that caused by decreased CSF pressure, perhaps due to a meningeal tear during coitus (summary by Frese et al., 2003). [from OMIM]

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or pneumonitis, is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized pathologically by expansion of the interstitial compartment of the lung by inflammatory cells. Fibrosis occurs in many cases (Visscher and Myers, 2006). See also interstitial lung disease-1 (ILD1; 619611). Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) was originally described as a pathologic entity by Liebow et al. (1965). Lung biopsy shows diffuse and uniform filling of alveoli by clusters of cells which Liebow et al. (1965) speculated to be 'desquamated pneumocytes.' Since then, these cells have been shown primarily to be pigmented alveolar macrophages. Other features include thickened alveolar septa with an infiltrate of inflammatory cells and plump, cuboidal type II pneumocytes. Mild collagen deposition without architectural distortion or honeycombing may be present. Different forms of ILD represent pathologic classifications based on histologic patterns rather than clinical diagnoses and may occur in a variety of clinical contexts (Visscher and Myers, 2006). Although DIP occurs most often as a sporadic disorder in adults during the third to fifth decade of life and is highly associated with smoking (Carrington et al., 1978), reports of a familial form with onset in infancy and early death suggest a genetic basis (Sharief et al., 1994). Cases of DIP reported in infants are often more severe and refractory to treatment than those reported in adults (Nogee et al., 2001). [from OMIM]