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C3HEX, ability to smell

MedGen UID:
767370
•Concept ID:
C3554456
•
Finding
Synonym: C3HEX, ABILITY TO SMELL
 
Gene (location): OR2J3 (6p22.1)
 
OMIM®: 615082

Definition

Cis-3-hexen-1-ol (C3HEX) is present in a wide range of foods and beverages, including wine and spirits, olive oil, vegetables, fruit, and green tea. C3HEX is commonly associated with sensory characteristics such as 'green' and 'grassy.' The probability of an individual's ability to detect C3HEX at a particular intensity (the R-index) can be estimated, and the threshold for detection is normally distributed (summary by Jaeger et al., 2010). [from OMIM]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care.
Savard DJ, Ursua FG, Gaddey HL
Am Fam Physician 2023 Sep;108(3):240-248. PMID: 37725455
Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: an evidence-based review with recommendations.
Hura N, Xie DX, Choby GW, Schlosser RJ, Orlov CP, Seal SM, Rowan NR
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020 Sep;10(9):1065-1086. Epub 2020 Jun 25 doi: 10.1002/alr.22624. PMID: 32567798Free PMC Article
Anosmia: Differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
Scangas GA, Bleier BS
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017 Jan 1;31(1):3-7. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4403. PMID: 28234141

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity.
Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y
Autoimmun Rev 2021 Apr;20(4):102792. Epub 2021 Feb 19 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102792. PMID: 33610751Free PMC Article
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Considering the senses in the diagnosis and management of dementia.
Behrman S, Chouliaras L, Ebmeier KP
Maturitas 2014 Apr;77(4):305-10. Epub 2014 Jan 18 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.003. PMID: 24495787

Diagnosis

Smell and Taste Function and Their Disturbances in Sjögren's Syndrome.
Błochowiak K
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 30;19(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912472. PMID: 36231772Free PMC Article
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Anosmia: Differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
Scangas GA, Bleier BS
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017 Jan 1;31(1):3-7. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4403. PMID: 28234141
Migraine: multiple processes, complex pathophysiology.
Burstein R, Noseda R, Borsook D
J Neurosci 2015 Apr 29;35(17):6619-29. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0373-15.2015. PMID: 25926442Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article

Therapy

Interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke.
Hazelton C, Thomson K, Todhunter-Brown A, Campbell P, Chung CS, Dorris L, Gillespie DC, Hunter SM, McGill K, Nicolson DJ, Williams LJ, Brady MC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 3;11(11):CD007039. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007039.pub3. PMID: 36326118Free PMC Article
Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants.
Foong SC, Tan ML, Foong WC, Marasco LA, Ho JJ, Ong JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 May 18;5(5):CD011505. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011505.pub2. PMID: 32421208Free PMC Article
Back and to the Future: From Neurotoxin-Induced to Human Parkinson's Disease Models.
Airavaara M, Parkkinen I, Konovalova J, Albert K, Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A
Curr Protoc Neurosci 2020 Mar;91(1):e88. doi: 10.1002/cpns.88. PMID: 32049438
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Facial transplantation.
Shanmugarajah K, Hettiaratchy S, Butler PE
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012 Aug;20(4):291-7. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283552cc5. PMID: 22894997

Prognosis

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Facial transplantation.
Shanmugarajah K, Hettiaratchy S, Butler PE
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012 Aug;20(4):291-7. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283552cc5. PMID: 22894997
Olfactory metacognition.
Jönsson FU, Olsson MJ
Chem Senses 2003 Sep;28(7):651-8. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjg058. PMID: 14578127

Clinical prediction guides

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Smell and taste in idiopathic blepharospasm.
Gamain J, Herr T, Fleischmann R, Stenner A, Vollmer M, Willert C, Veit B, Lehnert B, Mueller JU, Steigerwald F, Tost F, Kronenbuerger M
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021 Aug;128(8):1215-1224. Epub 2021 Jun 28 doi: 10.1007/s00702-021-02366-4. PMID: 34184129Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Considering the senses in the diagnosis and management of dementia.
Behrman S, Chouliaras L, Ebmeier KP
Maturitas 2014 Apr;77(4):305-10. Epub 2014 Jan 18 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.003. PMID: 24495787
Olfactory metacognition.
Jönsson FU, Olsson MJ
Chem Senses 2003 Sep;28(7):651-8. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjg058. PMID: 14578127

Recent systematic reviews

Does Olfactory Training Improve Brain Function and Cognition? A Systematic Review.
Vance DE, Del Bene VA, Kamath V, Frank JS, Billings R, Cho DY, Byun JY, Jacob A, Anderson JN, Visscher K, Triebel K, Martin KM, Li W, Puga F, Fazeli PL
Neuropsychol Rev 2024 Mar;34(1):155-191. Epub 2023 Feb 2 doi: 10.1007/s11065-022-09573-0. PMID: 36725781Free PMC Article
A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell.
Jaime-Lara RB, Brooks BE, Vizioli C, Chiles M, Nawal N, Ortiz-Figueroa RSE, Livinski AA, Agarwal K, Colina-Prisco C, Iannarino N, Hilmi A, Tejeda HA, Joseph PV
Physiol Rev 2023 Jan 1;103(1):855-918. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2021. PMID: 36409650Free PMC Article
Interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke.
Hazelton C, Thomson K, Todhunter-Brown A, Campbell P, Chung CS, Dorris L, Gillespie DC, Hunter SM, McGill K, Nicolson DJ, Williams LJ, Brady MC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 3;11(11):CD007039. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007039.pub3. PMID: 36326118Free PMC Article
"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants.
Foong SC, Tan ML, Foong WC, Marasco LA, Ho JJ, Ong JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 May 18;5(5):CD011505. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011505.pub2. PMID: 32421208Free PMC Article

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