Casein α s1 is expressed by human monocytes and upregulates the production of GM-CSF via p38 MAPK.
Vordenbäumen S, Braukmann A, Petermann K, Scharf A, Bleck E, von Mikecz A, Jose J, Schneider M. J Immunol. 2011 Jan 1; 186(1):592-601. Epub 2010 Dec 6.