Regulation of the Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase-3 axis by insulin-like growth factor-II via activation of the human insulin receptor isoform-A

J Cell Biochem. 2001;82(4):610-8. doi: 10.1002/jcb.1196.

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) plays a key role in mitogenesis during development and tumorigenesis and is believed to exert its mitogenic functions mainly through the IGF-I receptor. Recently, we identified the insulin receptor isoform A (IR(A)) as an additional high affinity receptor for IGF-II in both fetal and cancer cells. Here we investigated the mitogenic signaling of IGF-II via the Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) axis employing R-IR(A) cells that are IGF-I receptor null mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing the human IR(A). IGF-II induced activation of the proto-oncogenic serine kinase Akt, reaching maximal at 5-10 min. IGF-II also caused the rapid and sustained deactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (Gsk3beta), reaching maximal at 1-3 min, shortly preceding, therefore, maximal activation of Akt. Under our conditions, IGF-II and insulin induced 70-80% inhibition of Gsk3betaactivity. In these cells IGF-II also deactivated Gsk3alpha although less effectively than Gsk3beta. In parallel experiments, we found that IGF-II induced transient activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk) reaching maximal at 5-10 min and decreasing thereafter. Time courses and potencies of regulation of both mitogenic pathways (Akt/Gsk3beta and Erk) by IGF-II via IR(A) were similar to those of insulin. Furthermore, IGF-II like insulin effectively stimulated cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to the S and G2/M phases. Interestingly, AP-1-mediated gene expression, that was reported to be negatively regulated by Gsk3beta was only weakly increased after IGF-II stimulation. Our present data suggest that the coordinated activation or deactivation of Akt, Gsk3beta, and Erk may account for IGF-II mitogenic effects and support an active role for IR(A) in IGF-II action.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism*
  • Cell Cycle
  • Cell Line
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinases
  • Humans
  • Insulin / pharmacology
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / pharmacology*
  • Kinetics
  • Mice
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Receptor, Insulin / genetics
  • Receptor, Insulin / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Transfection

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Insulin
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Transcription Factor AP-1
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
  • INSR protein, human
  • Receptor, Insulin
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinases
  • AKT1 protein, human
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3