Abstract
We studied the effect of HIV-1 gp160 protein and morphine on murine macrophage and human monocyte apoptosis. gp160 not only promoted murine macrophage apoptosis but also enhanced macrophage iNOS expression/NO generation. gp160 also altered macrophage bax and bcl-2 expression. Morphine enhanced (P<0.001) the effect of gp160 on macrophage apoptosis as well as iNOS expression/NO generation. Nevertheless, both morphine- and gp160-induced murine macrophage apoptosis was attenuated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (L-NAME and L-NMMA). On the other hand, free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and catalase attenuated morphine and gp160-induced human monocyte apoptosis.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Analysis of Variance
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Animals
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Antibodies / pharmacology
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Apoptosis*
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Blotting, Southern / methods
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Blotting, Western / methods
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CD4 Antigens / immunology
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Caspase 3
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Caspases / metabolism
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Catalase / pharmacology
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Cells, Cultured
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Drug Interactions
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
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HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / pharmacology*
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Humans
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In Situ Nick-End Labeling / methods
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Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
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Macrophages / drug effects*
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Macrophages / physiology
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Mice
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Monocytes / drug effects*
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Monocytes / physiology
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Morphine / pharmacology*
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NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / pharmacology
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Narcotics / pharmacology*
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
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Species Specificity
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Superoxide Dismutase / pharmacology
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Thiourea / analogs & derivatives*
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Thiourea / pharmacology
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein
Substances
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Antibodies
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BAX protein, human
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Bax protein, mouse
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CD4 Antigens
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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HIV Envelope Protein gp160
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Narcotics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein
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Nitric Oxide
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Morphine
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1,3-dimethylthiourea
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Catalase
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Superoxide Dismutase
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CASP3 protein, human
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Casp3 protein, mouse
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Caspase 3
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Caspases
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Thiourea
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NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester