Objective and importance: We report the use of bilateral thalamic stimulation in a case of primary erythromelalgia with immediate and important pain relief for 3 years.
Clinical presentation: A 12-year-old boy experiencing primary erythromelalgia had a 4-year history of recurrent attacks of severe burning pain in both feet, accompanied by local reddening, swelling, and heating of the skin. The attacks were triggered by warmth and exercise. The pain was relieved only by elevation and cooling of the lower limbs, which he achieved by immersing his legs in a bucket of ice water, resulting in severe ulceration of the skin.
Intervention: Because of the gradual aggravation of the signs and symptoms and resistance of the patient's condition to several medical therapies, the patient received spinal cord stimulation. The implants were removed twice because of recurrent infection. Finally, the patient was treated with bilateral electrical stimulation of the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, which resulted in important pain control until 3 years later. The patient was able to avoid water immersions, and all ulcerations disappeared.
Conclusion: We conclude that thalamic stimulation was successful in this case of primary erythromelalgia.