In this review paper, the prevalence and characteristics of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) are reviewed. The causes, pathology and diagnosis of CAPD are also discussed. Recommendations are made for classroom interventions and a case study is presented. CAPDs are complex, heterogeneous disorders involving the process of auditory stimuli within the mechanisms of the central nervous system that can result in profound personal, social and academic consequences. Specificity in diagnosis, support by family members, neuroscience and allied health professionals and educators, and self-management and advocacy are required for children, adolescents and adults to have successful academic and work outcomes.