Since recipients of transplants from elderly donors are exposed to an increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection episodes, administration of induction treatment represents an alternative to preserve renal mass and improve graft survival. We compared the evolution and histological findings of early graft biopsies among 38 recipients treated with Thymoglobulim (33.6%) versus 75 (66.4%) with basiliximab. No differences were observes in the rate of DGF (P = .39). Forty kidneys were biopsed during the first 2 weeks after transplantation: 9 in the Thymoglobulin group (23.68%) and 31 in the basiliximab group (41.3%). Histological evaluation showed: acute tabular necrosis in 7 (78%) Thymoglobulin patients versus 14 (45%) basiliximab patients, with calcineurin nephrotoxicity in 2 (22%) and 1 (3.2%), respectively. An acute rejection episode was not diagnosed in the Thymoglobulin group, but 13 patients (17.3%) in the basiliximab group experienced this complication (P = .006). Banff classification showed: 6 grade IA (19.4%), 1 grade IB (3.2%), 3 grade IIA (9.7%), 1 grade IIB (3.2%), and 2 grade III (6.5%). Six of these patients required rescue treatment with Thymoglobulin. Serum creatinine and proteinuria levels between the 2 groups were not different (P > .05). There were no differences in cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (P = .152), admission due to infection (P = .120), or neoplasia (P = .29). Graft and patient survivals at 3 years did not show a difference. The histological findings revealed that low doses of Thymoglobulin were much more effective to prevent renal inflammation and acute rejection episodes than basiliximab among renal transplant recipients, albiet without differences in survival at a mean of 3 years follow-up.