Congenital eye illnesses are caused by congenital ocular malformations and are a primary cause of poor visual acuity and blindness in infants. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital eye illnesses are of great significance for affected infants, their families, and even society as a whole. This study describes the current situation for prenatal and infant screening for congenital eye diseases and briefly summarizes novel progress in the treatment of the five most common eye diseases (congenital dacryocystitis, congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, congenital glaucoma and retinoblastoma). Current programs are now aimed at improvements in the prevention and treatment of congenital eye diseases in China.