Mechanisms and causes of hypomagnesemia

Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2016 Jul;25(4):301-7. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000238.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Identification of the mechanisms of magnesium absorption and reabsorption has markedly enhanced our understanding of the causes of hypomagnesemia.

Recent findings: New gastrointestinal and renal causes of hypomagnesemia have been recently documented.

Summary: The recognition of new mechanisms and causes of magnesium absorption and reabsorption should enhance the ability to monitor patients at risk for hypomagnesemia and improve our ability to mitigate the serious symptoms associated with this disorder.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bartter Syndrome / complications
  • Bartter Syndrome / metabolism
  • Gitelman Syndrome / complications
  • Gitelman Syndrome / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hypercalciuria / complications
  • Hypercalciuria / metabolism
  • Hypocalcemia / complications
  • Hypocalcemia / metabolism
  • Hypoparathyroidism / complications
  • Hypoparathyroidism / congenital
  • Hypoparathyroidism / metabolism
  • Intestinal Elimination*
  • Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
  • Magnesium / metabolism*
  • Magnesium Deficiency / complications
  • Magnesium Deficiency / congenital
  • Magnesium Deficiency / metabolism
  • Nephrocalcinosis / complications
  • Nephrocalcinosis / metabolism
  • Nephrons / metabolism
  • Pancreatitis / complications
  • Pancreatitis / metabolism
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Renal Elimination*
  • Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors / complications
  • Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors / metabolism
  • Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / chemically induced
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / etiology
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / metabolism*

Substances

  • Proton Pump Inhibitors
  • Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
  • Magnesium

Supplementary concepts

  • Hypercalciuric Hypocalcemia, Familial
  • Hypomagnesemia 1, Intestinal
  • Hypomagnesemia primary