Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also referred to as chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma, is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. MS usually occurs with acute myelocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or myelodysplastic syndrome or as a recurrence of acute myelocytic leukemia; however, MS may occasionally present as isolated, without current or previous peripheral blood or bone marrow involvement. Oral and maxillofacial MS, especially isolated, is extremely rare, and the clinical manifestations are diverse and usually nonspecific. Here, we report a rare case of isolated nonleukemic MS involving the gingivae, the mucosa of the left maxillary edentulous region, and the adjacent hard palate. The pertinent literature was also reviewed to provide additional clarification on the clinicopathologic characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment regimens, and prognosis of oral and maxillofacial isolated MS.
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