Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a diverse group of diseases that includes systemic-onset, polyarticular, and pauciarticular types. Appreciation of the different types and their hallmarks is particularly important to accurate diagnosis, which is determined by exclusion of other known disease entities in children with chronic arthritis (more than three months' duration). Therapy should be directed at the arthritis per se (synovitis), at the extra-articular manifestations, and at the whole child. Salicylates provide the most satisfactory control of the arthritis per se and of the systemic manifestations in most cases. Iridocyclitis should be managed in consultation with an ophthalmologist. Patients should not be regarded as invalids or restricted needlessly. The prognosis for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is good. In most patients, the disease remits without causing permanent joint damage.