Cutaneous Melanoma-A Review in Detection, Staging, and Management

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;33(1):25-38. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.09.005.

Abstract

Melanoma is an increasingly common cancer in the United States, although mortality has likely stabilized. Diagnosis relies on a skilled practitioner with the aid of dermoscopy and initial local surgical management is a mainstay of treatment. Recent changes in staging emphasize continued use of sentinel lymph node biopsy to aid in prognostication although routine complete lymph node dissection has fallen out of favor. Advances in systemic treatment options, including targeted and immunotherapy, have dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced melanoma and improved outcome. Prevention via sun protection remains a critical tool in efforts to limit the burden of this disease.

Keywords: Cutaneous melanoma; Immunotherapy; Malignant melanoma; Melanoma; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Targeted therapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease Management
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Humans
  • Melanoma / diagnosis*
  • Melanoma / epidemiology
  • Melanoma / etiology
  • Melanoma / therapy*
  • Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Risk Factors
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Treatment Outcome