Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to ischemic conditions that occur as a result of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation. It has been shown that lipid peroxidation may cause plaque instability by inducing inflammation, apoptosis, and neovascularization. There is some evidence showing that these oxidized lipids may have a prognostic value in ACS. For instance, higher levels of oxidized phospholipids on apo B-100 lipoproteins (OxPL/apoB) predicted cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). A recent cross-sectional study showed that levels of oxylipins, namely 8,9-DiHETrE and 16-HETE, were significantly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, respectively. They found that with every 1 nmol/L increase in the concentrations of 8,9-DiHETrE, the odds of ACS increased by 454-fold. As lipid peroxidation makes heterogonous pools of secondary products, therefore, rapid multi-analyte quantification methods are needed for their assessment. Conventional lipid assessment methods such as chemical reagents or immunoassays lack specificity and sensitivity. Lipidomics may provide another layer of a detailed molecular level to lipid assessment, which may eventually lead to exploring novel biomarkers and/or new treatment options. Here, we will briefly review the lipidomics of bioactive lipids in ACS.
Keywords: bioactive lipids; coronary disease; ischemia reperfusion injury; ischemic heart disease; lipids; mass spectrometry; myocardial infarction; oxidized phospholipids; oxylipins.