Purpose of review: To explore key management principles and outcomes following surgical intervention for spontaneous CSF leaks of the lateral skull base.
Recent findings: Outcomes following surgery for spontaneous CSF leaks of the lateral skull base depend on the surgical approach utilized. The approach reported most frequently in the literature is currently the middle fossa approach. Mean leak recurrence rates, regardless of approach, were approximately 6%. The lowest leak recurrence rates were associated with the combined middle cranial fossa-transmastoid approach. A multilayer closure was employed in all of the reviewed investigations, but the choice of reconstructive material did not significantly affect outcomes. Direct surgical complications rates, overall, were low at less than 2%. Meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, and perioperative seizure activity were only rarely encountered. A concomitant diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension was found to be associated with increased rates of leak recurrence and sequential leak development at other skull base sites.
Summary: Postoperative management of patients with spontaneous CSF leaks of the lateral skull base has unique challenges. Observation of key treatment principles can lead to good outcomes and limit morbidity. A high index of suspicion should exist for concomitant idiopathic intracranial hypertension.