Brexanolone for postpartum depression

Purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery that may have significant consequences for mother and infant. Antidepressants are used to treat PPD, but their effectiveness may be limited by a slow time to peak effect. Brexanolone is Food and Drug Administration-approved for the management of PPD; its use requires patient participation in a risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) program. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of brexanolone in PPD.

Summary: Four completed studies, 1 quasi-experimental study and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were reviewed. Females who had moderate or severe PPD during the third trimester or within 4 weeks of delivery and were less than 6 months postpartum at initiation of therapy were included. Improvement in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores was assessed in addition to safety outcomes and scores on other depression rating scales. All studies demonstrated statistical improvement in HAM-D scores from baseline with brexanolone vs placebo use at the end of infusions (ie, hour 60). Results with regard to sustained HAM-D score improvements were mixed in the RCTs at 30-day follow-up. The most frequent adverse events in brexanolone-treated patients were sedation, dizziness, somnolence, and headache. The severe or serious adverse effect of presyncope, syncope, or loss of consciousness was reported by 4% of participants.

Conclusion: With a rapid onset of action, brexanolone could be considered advantageous over traditional therapies for PPD in patients for whom a rapid response is required due to severity of disease. Significant concerns remain regarding sustained effect and use in patients outside of the clinical trial setting.