Background: This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of surgical management and risk factors by pooled cases from all identified patients with colonic leiomyosarcomas.
Methods: The authors searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "colonic," "colon," and "leiomyosarcoma." Risk factors of colonic leiomyosarcoma in the pooled cohort were also evaluated.
Results: Between 1923 and 2019, 41 cases of colonic leiomyosarcoma were identified in 22 (53.7%) males and 19 (46.3%) females, with a mean and median age of 58.7 ± 2.2 years and 56.0 years. According to univariate analysis, smaller tumor size < 8 cm was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (HR = 6.957, 95% CI 1.405-34.442; p = 0.017), and younger age < 60 years was trending toward better overall survival (HR = 2.765, 95% CI 0.924-8.272; p = 0.069).
Conclusions: Colonic leiomyosarcomas are rare neoplasms with aggressive clinical behaviors. Age < 60 years and tumor size < 8 cm were favorable factors for patients' better survival.
Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma of the colon; Prognostic factors; Treatment.