Treatment of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia

Anna Latorre; Kailash P Bhatia

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.007

Treatment of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia

Neurol Clin. 2020 May;38(2):433-447. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.007.

Authors

Anna Latorre¹, Kailash P Bhatia²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
² Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Electronic address: k.bhatia@ucl.ac.uk.

PMID: 32279719
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.007

Abstract

Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PxD) is a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by recurrent attacks of abnormal movements, triggered by detectable factors, without loss of consciousness. According to the precipitating factors, they are classified as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), and paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED). PxD treatment is based on the combination of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments effective for PNKD and PED also are available. In PxD refractory to conventional treatment, surgery might be an alternative therapeutic option. The course of PRRT2-PKD and MR-1-PNKD is benign, and treatment might not be needed with advancing age.

Keywords: MR-1; PED; PKD; PNKD; PRRT2; Paroxysmal dyskinesia; SLC2A1; Treatment.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Dystonia / classification
Dystonia / genetics
Dystonia / therapy*
Female
Humans
Male

Supplementary concepts

Familial paroxysmal dystonia