Anesthetic Implications of Common Congenital Anomalies

Ji Yeon Jemma Kang

doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.002

Anesthetic Implications of Common Congenital Anomalies

Anesthesiol Clin. 2020 Sep;38(3):621-642. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.002.

Author

Ji Yeon Jemma Kang¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Anesthesia, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: Jiyeon.kang@cchmc.org.

PMID: 32792188
DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.002

Abstract

The most common congenital anomalies are congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, Down syndrome, and neural tube defects. Anesthetic considerations for Down syndrome include cervical spine instability, history of congenital heart disease, risk of bradycardia, hematologic, endocrine, and behavioral considerations. Patients with cleft lip and palate can have associated syndromes, and the potential for underlying abnormalities should be investigated prior to their anesthetic. A major anesthetic consideration for neural tube defect surgery is positioning for intubation. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele has been shown to reduce the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting and improved motor outcomes.

Keywords: Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Down syndrome; Myelomeningocele; Neural tube defect; Pharyngoplasty; Spina bifida.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Anesthesia / methods*
Child, Preschool
Heart Defects, Congenital / surgery*
Humans
Infant
Meningomyelocele / surgery*
Mouth Abnormalities / surgery*
Neural Tube Defects / surgery*
Spinal Dysraphism / surgery*