Skin rash following Administration of Apalutamide in Japanese patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: an integrated analysis of the phase 3 SPARTAN and TITAN studies and a phase 1 open-label study

BMC Urol. 2020 Sep 2;20(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-00689-0.

Abstract

Background: A higher incidence of apalutamide-related skin rash has been observed in Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PC).

Methods: This integrated analysis of data of Japanese patients from 2 global Phase 3 studies, SPARTAN ( NCT01946204 ; patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant PC [nmCRPC]) and TITAN ( NCT02489318 ; patients with metastatic castration-sensitive PC [mCSPC]), and the Phase 1 study 56021927PCR1008 ( NCT02162836 ; patients with metastatic CRPC [mCRPC]), assessed clinical risk factors of apalutamide-related skin rash as well as the potential correlation with plasma exposure to apalutamide. Kaplan-Meier method was used for time-to-event analyses. Clinical risk factors for skin rash were assessed using odds ratio.

Results: Data from 68 patients (SPARTAN: n = 34, TITAN: n = 28, 56021927PCR1008: n = 6) receiving apalutamide 240 mg orally once-daily were analyzed. Rash (13 [19.1%]) and maculo-papular rash (11 [16.2%]) were the most frequently reported skin rash. All Grade and Grade 3 skin rash occurred in 35 (51.5%) and 10 (14.7%) patients, respectively. Most (85.7%) skin rash occurred within 4 months of apalutamide initiation and resolved in a median time of 1 month following the use of antihistamines, topical or systemic corticosteroids, with/without apalutamide dose interruptions/reductions. Median time-to-remission of first incidence of rash and maximum grade incidence of rash were 1.0 month (IQR: 0.36-1.81) and 1.0 month (IQR: 0.30-2.43), respectively. No significant clinical risk factors for the incidence of skin rash were observed. Areas under the curve (0-24 h) (AUC0-24, ss) at steady-state of plasma apalutamide concentration were numerically slightly higher in patients with skin rash than those without.

Conclusions: No clinical risk factors for rash could be detected. There is a potential correlation between incidence of skin rash and plasma exposure to apalutamide. In general, apalutamide-related skin rash is easily managed, with appropriate treatment with or without dose adjustment.

Trial registration: Retrospective pooled analysis of NCT01946204 , NCT02489318 , and NCT02162836 .

Keywords: Apalutamide; Japanese; Prostate cancer; Skin rash.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase I
  • Clinical Trial, Phase III
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Drug Eruptions / etiology*
  • Exanthema / chemically induced*
  • Humans
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / drug therapy
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / pathology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thiohydantoins / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Thiohydantoins
  • apalutamide

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02162836
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02489318
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01946204