Progress in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of TSH-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 27:11:580264. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580264. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

TSH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) is one of the causes of central hyperthyroidism. The incidence of TSH PitNET is far lower than that of other PitNETs. The clinical manifestations of TSH PitNETs mainly include thyrotoxicosis or thyroid goiter, secretion disorders of other anterior pituitary hormones, and mass effect on the pituitary gland and its surrounding tissues. The application of high-sensitivity TSH detection methods contributes to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of TSH PitNETs. Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have advanced the noninvasive visualization of smaller PitNETs. Treatments for TSH PitNETs include surgery, drugs, and radiotherapy. This review focuses on the progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of TSH PitNETs to provide more information for the clinician.

Keywords: diagnosis; hyperthyroidism; pathogenesis; pituitary adenoma; thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma; treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Progression
  • Humans
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / metabolism
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology*
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / therapy*
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Pituitary Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Thyrotropin / metabolism*

Substances

  • Thyrotropin