Abstract
Electrical storm is present when a cluster of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) occurs within a short time frame. The most widely accepted definition is 3 or more episodes of VA within a 24-h period, although prognostic risk begins to rise when 2 or more events occur within 3months. Electrical storm often presents as a medical emergency in the form of recurrent implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shocks, recurrent syncope in patients with no ICD or low cardiac output symptoms. Management often requires a multimodality approach including ICD management, pharmacologic therapy, catheter ablation and modulations of the autonomic nervous system. In this article, we review the definition, prognosis and management of electrical storm.
Keywords:
Antiarrhythmic Drugs; Cardiac Arrhythmia; Catheter Ablation; Electrical Storm; Ventricular Tachycardia.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Action Potentials / drug effects
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Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / adverse effects
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Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / therapeutic use*
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Autonomic Denervation* / adverse effects
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Autonomic Denervation* / mortality
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Cardiac Pacing, Artificial* / adverse effects
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Cardiac Pacing, Artificial* / mortality
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Catheter Ablation* / adverse effects
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Catheter Ablation* / mortality
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Clinical Decision-Making
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Decision Support Techniques
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / adverse effects
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / mortality
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Heart Conduction System / drug effects
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Heart Conduction System / physiopathology
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Heart Conduction System / surgery
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Heart Rate / drug effects
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Humans
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Pacemaker, Artificial
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Recurrence
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Factors
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Tachycardia, Ventricular / diagnosis
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Tachycardia, Ventricular / mortality
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Tachycardia, Ventricular / physiopathology
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Tachycardia, Ventricular / therapy*
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Treatment Outcome
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Ventricular Fibrillation / diagnosis
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Ventricular Fibrillation / mortality
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Ventricular Fibrillation / physiopathology
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Ventricular Fibrillation / therapy*