LDL receptor and pathogen processes: Functions beyond normal lipids

J Clin Lipidol. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):773-781. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.048. Epub 2021 Oct 1.

Abstract

Although the role of the LDL receptor concerning lipids is well known, its role in various viral and parasitic infections, and in regulating the inflammatory response is poorly understood. Several infectious agents use the LDL receptor as a port of entry, and others depend on it for their cycle of infection. In this review, we focus on the discovery, structure, and normal function of the LDL receptor, as well as its role in a selection of infections. The LDL receptor plays an important role in certain infections and is a potential target for treatment deserving further research.

Keywords: Cholesterol; Dengue virus; Hepatitis C virus; Infection; LDL receptor; PCSK9; Proinflammatory lipids; Toxoplasma gondii; Trypanosome Cruzi; Vesicular stomatitis virus.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Cholesterol, LDL / metabolism
  • Hepacivirus / metabolism*
  • Hepacivirus / physiology
  • Humans
  • Lipoproteins, LDL / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Protein Binding
  • Protozoan Infections / metabolism
  • Protozoan Infections / parasitology
  • Receptors, LDL / metabolism*
  • Toxoplasma / metabolism*
  • Toxoplasma / physiology
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / metabolism*
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / physiology
  • Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / metabolism*
  • Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / physiology
  • Virus Diseases / metabolism
  • Virus Diseases / virology

Substances

  • Cholesterol, LDL
  • Lipoproteins, LDL
  • Receptors, LDL