Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia

Federica Saponaro

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.07.004

Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021 Dec;50(4):769-779. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.07.004.

Author

Federica Saponaro¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, Pisa 56126, Italy. Electronic address: federica.saponaro@unipi.it.

PMID: 34774247
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.07.004

Abstract

This article discusses rare causes of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can rarely be associated with immobilization, genetic diseases in children such as Williams-Beuren syndrome, Hypophosphatasia, Jansen Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia (JMC), cosmetic injection, milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), calcium sulfate beads administration, manganese intoxication, postacute kidney failure recovery, and Paget's disease.

Keywords: Hypercalcemia in children; Immobilization; Milk-alkali syndrome; Rare hypercalcemia; Williams syndrome.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Calcium
Child
Humans
Hypercalcemia* / diagnosis
Hypercalcemia* / etiology
Hypercalcemia* / therapy

Substances

Calcium