Purpose: To systematically review current evidence on the physical therapy assessment, intervention, and prognosis of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) to inform the update to the 2018 CMT Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG).
Methods: Six databases were searched for studies that informed assessment, intervention, and prognosis for physical therapy management of infants with CMT.
Results: Fifteen studies were included. Four studies investigated the psychometric properties of new and established assessments. Six studies informed the feasibility and efficacy of first-choice and supplemental interventions including traditional Chinese medicine and neural and visceral manipulation. One qualitative study found that parents of infants with mild and severe CMT had different concerns. Five studies informed prognosis, including factors associated with treatment duration, clinical outcomes, and use of supplemental interventions.
Conclusion: Newer evidence reaffirms 5 of 17 recommendations of the 2018 CMT CPG and could increase the recommendation strength to strong for neck passive range of motion.
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