Objective: To explore the reasonable time of prophylactic thyroidectomy for RET gene carriers in multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) 2A/2B families. Methods: From May 2015 to August 2021, RET gene carriers in MEN2A/MEN2B families were dynamically followed up at the Department of Thyroid Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University. The high-risk patients were encouraged to undergo prophylacitc total thyroidectomy according to the principle of "graded early warning system", namely the evaluation of gene detection, calcitonin value and ultrasound examination successively. Seven cases underwent the surgery, including 3 males and 4 females, aged from 7 to 29 years. According to the risk stratification listed in the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association in 2015, there were 2 cases of the highest risk, 2 cases of the high risk and 3 cases of the modest risk. Calcitonin index remained within the normal range in 3 cases and elevated in 4 cases before operation. All 7 patients underwent thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection of the level Ⅵ performed in 4 patients. Results: The time from suggestion to operation was 2 to 37 months, with an average of 15.1 months. The 6 patients were medullary thyroid carcinoma and 1 case with C-cell hyperplasia. The follow-up time was 2 to 82 months, with an average of 38.4 months. Postoperative serum calcitonin levels of all cases decreased to normal level, with biochemical cure. There was no sign of recurrence on ultrasound examination. All 7 patients had no serious complications, no obvious thyroid dysfunction. Their height, weight and other indicators of pediatric patients were similar to those of their peers, with normal growth and development. Conclusion: For healthy people with MEN2A/MEN2B family history, prophylactic thyroidectomy can be carried out selectively based on the comprehensive evaluation of "graded early warning system" with strict screening and close monitoring.
目的： 探讨对多发性内分泌腺瘤病（multiple endocrine neoplasia，MEN）2A/2B人群实施甲状腺预防性切除术的合理时机。方法： 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院甲状腺头颈外科于2015年5月至2021年8月，动态随访MEN2A/MEN2B家系中RET基因携带者，依据“分级预警制”（即依次通过基因检测、降钙素指标和超声检查的评估）鼓励高危者进行预防性甲状腺全切除术，实际完成7例，男3例，女4例，年龄为7~29岁。根据2015年美国甲状腺协会（ATA）指南中列出的风险分层，分别为最高风险（highest，HST）、高风险（high，H）各2例，中等风险（modest，MOD）3例。3例患者的降钙素术前保持为正常范围内，4例患者术前降钙素水平升高。7例患者均接受了甲状腺切除术，4例患者同期进行了Ⅵ区淋巴结探查或预防性清扫术。结果： 从动员手术到实施手术时间为2~37个月，平均15.1个月。除1例病理回报为C细胞增生，其余6例均为甲状腺髓样癌。术后随访2~82个月，平均随访时间为38.4个月。术后血清降钙素降至正常水平，达到生化治愈，定期超声检查均无甲状腺癌复发。7例患者术后均无严重并发症发生，无明显甲状腺功能紊乱，且患儿身高、体重等指标与同龄人相仿，生长发育正常。结论： 对于有MEN2A/MEN2B家族史的健康人群，应用“分级预警制”的综合判断，在严格筛选和密切监测的基础上，把握合理时机，可开展甲状腺预防性切除术。.