Management of non-hepatic distant metastases in neuroendocrine neoplasms

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep;37(5):101784. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101784. Epub 2023 May 10.

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms represent an uncommon disease with an increasing incidence. Thanks to improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, metastases previously considered uncommon, such as bone metastases, or even very rare, such as brain, orbital and cardiac metastases, are more frequently found in daily practice. Due to the great heterogeneity of these neoplasms, there is a lack of high-quality evidence on the management of patients with these types of metastases. The aim of this review is to provide the current state of the art, reviewing neuroendocrine neoplasm specific studies and useful information from other tumor types and to propose a treatment recommendation with algorithms to consider in daily clinical practice.

Keywords: Brain metastases; bone metastases; cardiac metastases; neuroendocrine tumor; orbital metastases; review.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms* / secondary
  • Liver Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Melanoma*
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors* / diagnosis
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors* / therapy
  • Skin Neoplasms*