Literature data about all-cause and cause-specific mortality among professional drivers are inconsistent. Most studies report lower all-cause and higher cause-specific mortality. Higher cause-specific mortality is most often the result of malignant and circulatory diseases. The aim of our retrospective cohort study was to get a better insight into the mortality, cancer incidence, and occupational disability of the entire professional driver population in Slovenia (N=8,231) from 1997 to 2016 through standardised mortality ratio (SMR), standardised proportional mortality ratio (SPMR), standardised cancer incidence ratio (SIR), and standardised disability ratio (SDR). Total mortality was significantly lower than that of the general working population (SMR=0.49; 95 % CI=0.44-0.55). When SPMR was calculated, however, the risk of all-cause mortality increased to 1 (SPMR=1.00; 95 % CI=0.89-1.12), of cancer-related mortality to 1.13 (95 % CI=0.94-1.35), and of injury-related mortality to 1.25 (95 % CI=0.97-1.59). Cancer incidence was lower than in the general male working population for all types of cancer (SIR=0.66; 95 % CI=0.59-0.72), lung cancer included (SIR=0.56; 95 % CI=0.41-0.73). Occupational all-cause and cause-specific disability were also lower than in the rest of the working population. Even though all types of cancer and injuries were established among professional drivers in Slovenia, no major risk stand out. However, our findings may have been skewed by the healthy worker effect.
Podatki o splošni in specifični umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov so nekonsistentni. Večina raziskav poroča o nižji splošni in višji specifični umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov. Kot najpogostejša vzroka višje specifične umrljivosti poklicnih voznikov se omenjajo maligne bolezni in bolezni obtočil. Med malignimi boleznimi so najpogostejši malignomi dihal, sečil in prebavil, kar se povezuje tudi z izpostavljenostjo dizelskim plinom, ki so dokazani karcinogeni. Namen naše retrospektivne kohortne študije je bil pridobiti boljši vpogled v umrljivost, incidenco raka in delovno invalidnost poklicnih voznikov. V kohorto smo vključili 8231 moških voznikov, ki so bili v obdobju od 1997 do 2016 vključeni v poklicno zavarovanje. Uporabili smo indirektno standardizacijo in izračunali standardizirano razmerje umrljivosti (SMR), standardizirano proporcionalno razmerje umrljivosti (SPMR), standardizirano razmerje incidence raka (SIR) in standardizirano razmerje invalidnosti (SDR). Splošna umrljivost moških poklicnih voznikov je bila pomembno nižja kot pri splošni delovno aktivni populaciji (SMR=0,49; 95 % IZ=0,44–0,55). Pri izračunu SPMR se je tveganje za umrljivost zaradi vseh vzrokov zvišalo na 1 (SPMR=1,00; 95 % CI=0,89–1,12), za umrljivost, zaradi malignih bolezni na 1,13 (95 % CI=0,94–1,35) in zaradi poškodb na 1,25 (95 % IZ=0,97–1,59). Incidenca raka je bila v skupini poklicnih voznikov nižja kot pri delovno aktivni populaciji za vse in specifične vrste raka (SIR=0,66; 95 % IZ=0,59–0,72), vključno s pljučnim rakom (SIR=0,56; 95 % IZ=0,41–0,73). Tudi splošna in specifična delovna invalidnost je v skupini poklicnih voznikov nižja kot pri delovno aktivni populaciji. Na rezultate bi lahko vplival učinek zdravega delavca.
Keywords: delovna invalidnost; healthy worker effect; occupational disability; standardised cancer incidence ratio; standardised disability ratio; standardised mortality ratio; standardised proportional mortality ratio; standardizirano proporcionalno razmerje umrljivosti; standardizirano razmerje incidence raka; standardizirano razmerje invalidnosti; standardizirano razmerje umrljivosti; učinek zdravega delavca.
© 2023 Andrea Margan et al., published by Sciendo.