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    ACKR2 atypical chemokine receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1238, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ACKR2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    atypical chemokine receptor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:1565
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000144648 MIM:602648; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1565
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    D6; hD6; CCR9; CCBP2; CCR10; CMKBR9
    Summary
    This gene encodes a beta chemokine receptor, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptor-mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the inflammation site. This gene is expressed in a range of tissues and hemopoietic cells. The expression of this receptor in lymphatic endothelial cells and overexpression in vascular tumors suggested its function in chemokine-driven recirculation of leukocytes and possible chemokine effects on the development and growth of vascular tumors. This receptor appears to bind the majority of beta-chemokine family members; however, its specific function remains unknown. This gene is mapped to chromosome 3p21.3, a region that includes a cluster of chemokine receptor genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 6.7), liver (RPKM 1.2) and 9 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See ACKR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3p22.1
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (42809445..42867286)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (42825036..42882863)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (42850937..42908778)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 13 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14250 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19750 Neighboring gene CCDC13 antisense RNA 2 Neighboring gene HIG1 hypoxia inducible domain family member 1A Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14251 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:42847019-42847816 Neighboring gene MIX23 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10622 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909373 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4247 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10602 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:42916634-42916810 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13936 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14252 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:42931092-42931592 Neighboring gene cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 pseudogene 22

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both? Gowhari Shabgah A, et al. Front Immunol, 2022. PMID 35677043, Free PMC Article
    2. Genetic variations of the chemokine scavenger receptor D6 are associated with liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis C. Wiederholt T, et al. Hum Immunol, 2008 Dec. PMID 18822328
    3. Multiple roles for the C-terminal tail of the chemokine scavenger D6. McCulloch CV, et al. J Biol Chem, 2008 Mar 21. PMID 18201974
    4. Cardiac allograft rejection: examination of the expression and function of the decoy chemokine receptor D6. Bradford L, et al. Transplantation, 2010 Jun 15. PMID 20404785
    5. Expression of the atypical chemokine receptor D6 in human alveolar macrophages in COPD. Bazzan E, et al. Chest, 2013 Jan. PMID 22797410

    See all (66) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic significance of ACKR2 expression and the related genetic/epigenetic dysregulations.
      Title: Pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic significance of ACKR2 expression and the related genetic/epigenetic dysregulations.
    2. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both?
      Title: The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both?
    3. Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings.
      Title: Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings.
    4. Expression of ACKR2 in placentas from different types of preeclampsia.
      Title: Expression of ACKR2 in placentas from different types of preeclampsia.
    5. Abnormal uterine inflammation in obstetric syndromes: molecular insights into the role of chemokine decoy receptor D6 and inflammasome NLRP3.
      Title: Abnormal uterine inflammation in obstetric syndromes: molecular insights into the role of chemokine decoy receptor D6 and inflammasome NLRP3.
    6. Data suggest that MIRN146b and MIR10b directly bind 3'-untranslated region of ACKR2 and down-regulate expression of ACKR2 in keratinocytes and in lymphatic endothelial cells, respectively. (ACKR2 = atypical chemokine receptor 2)
      Title: MicroRNA-146 and cell trauma down-regulate expression of the psoriasis-associated atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2.
    7. ACKR2 is induced after traumatic brain injuries and has a significant impact on mortality and lesion development acutely following closed head injury.
      Title: The scavenging chemokine receptor ACKR2 has a significant impact on acute mortality rate and early lesion development after traumatic brain injury.
    8. ACKR2 is a molecular regulator play a role in inflammatory changes in patients with psoriasis.
      Title: ACKR2: Nature's Decoy Receptor Lures Unsuspecting Chemokines in Psoriasis.
    9. Data indicates that D6 is concentrated on trophoblast cell membranes in pre-eclampsia, in line with higher circulating levels of D6-ligand chemokines, but its scavenging activity is affected by trophoblast cytoskeleton disarrangement.
      Title: Placental Chemokine Receptor D6 Is Functionally Impaired in Pre-Eclampsia.
    10. ACKR2 mediates chemokine scavenging by primary human trophoblasts.
      Title: Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 mediates chemokine scavenging by primary human trophoblasts and can regulate fetal growth, placental structure, and neonatal mortality in mice.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (37)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is associated with rare HLA-DQB1 and HLA-B alleles.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genetic variation associated with circulating monocyte count in the eMERGE Network.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-Wide Association Study of CSF Levels of 59 Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Proteins: Significant Associations with Proteins Involved in Amyloid Processing and Inflammation.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env A promiscuous CC chemokine receptor, D6, can function as a coreceptor for various primary dual-tropic isolates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 through binding to the viral gp120 protein PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC126678, MGC138250

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables C-C chemokine binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables C-C chemokine receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemokine receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables scavenger receptor activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in calcium-mediated signaling IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in vesicle-mediated transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in actin filament IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in early endosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nuclear membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in recycling endosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    atypical chemokine receptor 2
    Names
    C-C chemokine receptor D6
    CC-chemokine-binding receptor JAB61
    chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9
    chemokine (C-C) receptor 9
    chemokine receptor CCR-10
    chemokine receptor CCR-9
    chemokine receptor D6
    chemokine-binding protein 2
    chemokine-binding protein D6

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001296.5 → NP_001287.2  atypical chemokine receptor 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC099329, BC008816, DA853159
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2706.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R8Y8, O00537, O00590, Q53YA1, Q86UN9, Q96A02
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7Z7I1
      Related
      ENSP00000416996.1, ENST00000422265.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15188
      Location:47 → 323
      7tmA_ACKR2_D6; atypical chemokine receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      42809445..42867286
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      42825036..42882863
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O00590.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O00590

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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