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    CNR2 cannabinoid receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1269, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CNR2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    cannabinoid receptor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2160
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000188822 MIM:605051; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2160
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CB2; CX5; CB-2
    Summary
    The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal psychoactive ingredient of marijuana. The proteins encoded by this gene and the cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1) gene have the characteristics of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptor for cannabinoids. They inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective, and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. These proteins have been found to be involved in the cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana. The cannabinoid receptors are members of family 1 of the G-protein-coupled receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 3.7), spleen (RPKM 3.4) and 4 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CNR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1p36.11
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (23870515..23913362, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (23705612..23750778, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (24197005..24239852, complement)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105376861 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:24151920-24152788 Neighboring gene alpha-L-fucosidase 1 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:24191742-24192941 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 427 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904841 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 378 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 379 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 381 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 380 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 382 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 428 Neighboring gene BTB domain containing 6 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 383 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:24239664-24240178 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 384 Neighboring gene microRNA 378f Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903877 Neighboring gene H3 histone pseudogene 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of raloxifene as a novel CB2 inverse agonist. Kumar P, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013 May 24. PMID 23611779, Free PMC Article
    2. Detailed characterization of the endocannabinoid system in human macrophages and foam cells, and anti-inflammatory role of type-2 cannabinoid receptor. Chiurchiù V, et al. Atherosclerosis, 2014 Mar. PMID 24529123
    3. Expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 and its inhibitory effects on synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Gui H, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2014 May. PMID 24440992
    4. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 as mediator of mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppressive properties. Rossi F, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 24312195, Free PMC Article
    5. Hydroxyalkylation with cyclic sulfates: synthesis of carbazole derived CB(2) ligands with increased polarity. Lueg C, et al. Arch Pharm (Weinheim), 2014 Jan. PMID 24243315

    See all (270) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Cannabinoid receptor 2 plays a key role in renal fibrosis through inhibiting lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells.
      Title: Cannabinoid receptor 2 plays a key role in renal fibrosis through inhibiting lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells.
    2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cannabinoid CB2 receptor: Molecular pharmacology and disease associations.
      Title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor: Molecular pharmacology and disease associations.
    3. Cannabinoid receptor 2 as a regulator of inflammation induced oleoylethanolamide in eosinophilic asthma.
      Title: Cannabinoid receptor 2 as a regulator of inflammation induced oleoylethanolamide in eosinophilic asthma.
    4. Roles of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.
      Title: Roles of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.
    5. CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor as a Potential Target in Myocardial Infarction: Exploration of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.
      Title: CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor as a Potential Target in Myocardial Infarction: Exploration of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.
    6. The clinical and pathological significance of increased expression of the cannabinoid receptors CB-1R and CB-2R in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas compared to benign thyroid lesions.
      Title: The clinical and pathological significance of increased expression of the cannabinoid receptors CB-1R and CB-2R in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas compared to benign thyroid lesions.
    7. Neuroprotection and Beyond: The Central Role of CB1 and CB2 Receptors in Stroke Recovery.
      Title: Neuroprotection and Beyond: The Central Role of CB1 and CB2 Receptors in Stroke Recovery.
    8. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, and agonist and antagonists of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 alter the immunophenotype of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
      Title: Tumor necrosis factor α, and agonist and antagonists of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 alter the immunophenotype of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
    9. Overexpression of cannabinoid receptor 2 is associated with human breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, chemosensitivity and prognosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
      Title: Overexpression of cannabinoid receptor 2 is associated with human breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, chemosensitivity and prognosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
    10. Cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by modulating maturation of dendritic cells.
      Title: Cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates sepsis-associated acute lung injury by modulating maturation of dendritic cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (244)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Upregulation of the human proteins CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1beta, and CXCL10 by HIV-1 gp120 involves CB2 receptor in mesencephalic neuronal/glial culture model PubMed
    env CB1 or CB2 receptor agonists significantly inhibit HIV-1 gp120-induced decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), indicating that CB1 or CB2 receptors are required for the effects of gp120 on hNPCs PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced synapse loss is inhibited by activation of CB2 receptor PubMed
    Tat tat CB1 and CB2 endocannabinoid receptors are involved in HIV-1 Tat-induced cleavage of PARP1 and CASP3 in retinal cells PubMed
    tat Treatment with cannabinoids inhibits HIV-1 Tat-enhanced attachment of U937 cells to collagen IV, laminin, or ECM1 proteins, which is linked to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 and the modulation of beta1-integrin and actin distribution PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates the expression of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in retinal cells, which is suppressed by endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol PubMed
    tat CB(2) cannabinoid receptor 2 is involved in HIV-1 Tat-mediated macrophage migration PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated activation of the CB2R leads to altered expression and compartmentation of the beta-chemokine receptor CCR-3 PubMed
    capsid gag Monocyte-derived macrophages treated during differentiation with a CB2 specific agonist show decrease in p24 levels PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cannabinoid receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cannabinoid signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of action potential IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of mast cell activation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to amphetamine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in dendrite IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in perikaryon IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in postsynaptic membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    cannabinoid receptor 2
    Names
    cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001841.3 → NP_001832.1  cannabinoid receptor 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001832.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL590609, BC069722, X74328
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS245.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C6ES44, P34972, Q4VBK8, Q5JRH7, Q6B0G7, Q6NSY0
      Related
      ENSP00000363596.4, ENST00000374472.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15341
      Location:34 → 310
      7tmA_CB2; cannabinoid receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      23870515..23913362 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011540629.4 → XP_011538931.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011538931.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C6ES44, P34972, Q4VBK8, Q5JRH7, Q6B0G7, Q6NSY0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15341
      Location:34 → 310
      7tmA_CB2; cannabinoid receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    2. XM_047444833.1 → XP_047300789.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C6ES44, P34972, Q4VBK8, Q5JRH7, Q6B0G7, Q6NSY0

    3. XM_017000261.3 → XP_016855750.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C6ES44, P34972, Q4VBK8, Q5JRH7, Q6B0G7, Q6NSY0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15341
      Location:34 → 310
      7tmA_CB2; cannabinoid receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      23705612..23750778 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054334280.1 → XP_054190255.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054334279.1 → XP_054190254.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

    3. XM_054334278.1 → XP_054190253.1  cannabinoid receptor 2 isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P34972.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P34972

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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