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    PF4 platelet factor 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5196, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PF4provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    platelet factor 4provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8861
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000163737 MIM:173460; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8861
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PF-4; CXCL4; SCYB4
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is released from the alpha granules of activated platelets in the form of a homotetramer which has high affinity for heparin and is involved in platelet aggregation. This protein is chemotactic for numerous other cell type and also functions as an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and T-cell function. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
    Expression
    Biased expression in bone marrow (RPKM 14.3), spleen (RPKM 2.7) and 1 other tissue See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See PF4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4q13.3
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (73980811..73982124, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (77324459..77325772, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (74846528..74847841, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 pseudogene 55 Neighboring gene C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:74833595-74834096 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:74846696-74847437 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:74850560-74851073 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:74851074-74851586 Neighboring gene pro-platelet basic protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900715 Neighboring gene C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Novel Loci for metabolic networks and multi-tissue expression studies reveal genes for atherosclerosis.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    In single-round infection assays, HIV-1 NL4-3 psuedotyped with Env proteins from subtypes B and C entry is enhanced by high concentrations of tetrameric PF4 (CXCR4) in MAGI-R5 cells PubMed
    HIV-1 CH077 virus entry is enhanced by high concentrations of PF4 (CXCR4) in MAGI-R5, SupT1-R5, Jurkat-R5, and primary CD4+ T cells PubMed
    In single-round infection assays, HIV-1 NL4-3 pseudotyped with Env proteins from subtypes B and C entry is enhanced by high concentrations of tetrameric PF4 (CXCR4) in MAGI-R5 cells PubMed
    HIV-1 CH077 virus entry is inhibited by low concentrations of PF4 (CXCR4) in MAGI-R5, SupT1-R5, Jurkat-R5, and primary CD4+ T cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 JRFL Env (gp120) binds specifically to polystyrene-immobilized PF4 (CXCL4) and CCL5 (RANTES) as measured through ELISA PubMed
    env CXCL4 directly interacts with HIV-1 gp120 and the CXCL4-binding site is located within the gp120 outer domain (residues 350-455) proximal to the CD4-binding site PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC138298

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables chemokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables heparin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables receptor ligand activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to protozoan IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in killing by host of symbiont cells IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in killing of cells of another organism IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in monocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of blood coagulation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in platelet activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix HDA PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in platelet alpha granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    platelet factor 4
    Names
    C-X-C motif chemokine 4
    chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4
    iroplact
    oncostatin-A

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_032897.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5098..6314
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_636

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001363352.1NP_001350281.1  platelet factor 4 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site which results in the use of an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes a longer protein (isoform 2) with a distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC097709
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:47109
      Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...
    2. NM_002619.4NP_002610.1  platelet factor 4 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002610.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC097709, GD143506, M25897
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3562.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P02776, Q53X61, Q9UC64, Q9UC65
      Related
      ENSP00000296029.3, ENST00000296029.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:38100
      Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      73980811..73982124 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      77324459..77325772 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)