show Abstracthide AbstractThis study examined effects of the brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on the avian endocrine system. Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were exposed to multiple doses of HBCD over multiple generations through feed and by maternal deposition into the egg. Liver transcriptomes were examined to identify genes and pathways directly affected by HBCD to better understand the mechanisms of action in birds.