show Abstracthide AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of parental age on the quantity and quality of offspring in a fish species with male pregnancy, Syngnathus typhle. By examining the effects of parental age on RNA expression profiles in the offspring, the study identified differentially regulated genes based on parental age. This work emphasizes the importance of studying the effects of senescence on offspring phenotype and health, and its implications for transgenerational inheritance in species with varying reproductive strategies.