Aminophospholipid translocases (APLTs), similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Neo1p and human putative APLT, ATP9B.
Aminophospholipid translocases (APLTs), also known as type 4 P-type ATPases, act as a flippases, and translocate specific phospholipids from the exoplasmic leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet of biological membranes. The yeast Neo1 gene is an essential gene; Neo1p localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex and plays a role in membrane trafficking within the endomembrane system. Also included in this sub family is human putative ATPase phospholipid transporting 9B, ATP9B, which localizes to the trans-golgi network in a CDC50 protein-independent manner. Levels of ATP9B, along with levels of other ATPase genes, may contribute to expressivity of and atypical presentations of Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), and the ATP9B gene has recently been identified as a putative Alzheimer's disease loci. This subfamily belongs to the P-type ATPases, a large family of integral membrane transporters that are of critical importance in all kingdoms of life. They generate and maintain (electro-) chemical gradients across cellular membranes, by translocating cations, heavy metals and lipids, and are distinguished from other main classes of transport ATPases (F- , V- , and ABC- type) by the formation of a phosphorylated (P-) intermediate state in the catalytic cycle.
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