| Virus | Mode of entry | Cells infecteda | Pathologic featuresb | Location of lesionsc | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cas-Br-E MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | microglia | spongiform lesions; gliosis, neuronal loss; demyelination | lumbar spinal cord; cerebellar nuclei; brain stem | Lynch et al. (1991); Gravel et al. (1993) |
| ts1 Mo-MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | microglia | spongiform lesions, gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebral cortex; lumbar spinal cord; brain stem; cerebellar nuclei | Zachary et al. (1986); Baszlar and Zachary 1990, 1991 |
| ts-Mo-BA-1 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | unknown | spongiform lesions; gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebellar nuclei; brain stem; cervical spinal cord | Bilello et al. (1986) |
| PVC-211 | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells | spongiform lesions; gliosis; neuronal loss; demyelination | cerebellar subcortex; brain stem; spinal cord | Kai and Furuta (1984); Hoffman et al. (1992a) |
| NT40 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells, microglia | spongiform lesions | brain stem; cerebellum | Czub et al. (1995) |
| FMCF98 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells, glial cells | astrogliosis | cerebellar cortex; deep cerebellar nuclei | Portis et al. (1995) |
| TR1.3 MLV | hematogeneous spread brain capillary endothelial cells | endothelial cells | intracerebral hemorrhage; endothelial cell lysis | endothelial cells in white and grey matter | Park et al. (1993, 1994b) |
| HTLV-1 | ? infiltration of infected T cells | unknown | meningitis; degeneration of pyramidal tracts; demyelination; inflammation | spinal cord | Gessain and Gout (1992) |
| MVV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | ? oligodendrocytes | demyelination; inflammation; gliosis | brain; spinal cord | Narayan and Cork (1985); Georgsson (1994) |
| CAEV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | unknown | demyelination; inflammation; gliosis | brain; spinal cord | McGuire et al. (1990) |
| EIAV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | unknown | gliosis | brain; spinal cord; meninges | Cheevers and McGuire (1988); Montelaro et al. (1993) |
| FIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | microglia | gliosis; vacuolation; inflammation | subcortex; mid-brain, thalamus; cerebral cortex | Pedersen (1993) |
| SIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | macrophages, microglia | demyelination; vacuolation; multinucleate giant cells | brain and spinal cord; leptomeninges | see Chapter 11 |
| HIV | ? infiltration of infected macrophages | macrophages, microglia | gliosis; demyelination; vacuolation; multinucleate giant cells | white and gray matter; cerebral cortex; basal ganglia; hippocampus; spinal cord | see Chapter 11 |
(HTLV-1) Human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1; (MVV) maedi/visna virus; (CAEV) caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; (FIV) feline immunodeficiency virus; (EIAV) equine infectious anemia virus; (SIV) simian immunodeficiency virus; (HIV) human immunodeficiency virus; (FMCF) Friend mink cell focus-forming virus.
The cell types within the CNS that are prominently infected with the virus are listed.
The most commonly observed pathological changes are given.
The regions of the CNS that are most prominently affected are listed.
From: Neurological Diseases
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