Table 3.12, Summary of judgements: Adopting new upper limits compared with existing limits for duration of labour - WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience

Desirable effects	– Don't know	– Varies		– Trivial	– Small	✓ Moderate	– Large
Undesirable effects	– Don't know	– Varies		– Large	– Moderate	✓ Small	– Trivial
Certainty of the evidence	– No included studies			– Very low	✓ Low	– Moderate	– High
Values				– Important uncertainty or variability	– Possibly important uncertainty or variability	✓ Probably no important uncertainty or variability	– No important uncertainty or variability
Balance of effects	– Don't know	– Varies	– Favours existing limits	– Probably favours existing limits	– Favours neither new or existing limits	✓ Probably favours adopting new upper limits	– Favours increased limits
Resources required	✓ Don't know	– Varies	– Large costs	– Moderate costs	– Negligible costs or savings	– Moderate savings	– Large savings
Certainty of evidence of required resources	– No included studies			✓ Very low	– Low	– Moderate	– High
Cost-effectiveness	✓ Don't know	– Varies	– Favours existing limits	– Probably favours existing limits	– Favours neither new or existing limits	– Probably favours adopting new upper limits	– Favours adopting new upper limits
Equity	– Don't know	– Varies	– Reduced	– Probably reduced	– Probably no impact	✓ Probably increased	– Increased
Acceptability	– Don't know	– Varies		– No	– Probably No	✓ Probably Yes	– Yes
Feasibility	– Don't know	✓ Varies		– No	– Probably No	– Probably Yes	– Yes

WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.

Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing.

Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.

Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).

Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.

Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization.

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Table 3.12Summary of judgements: Adopting new upper limits compared with existing limits for duration of labour