Table 3.24Main resource requirements for assessment of fetal well-being on admission: cardiotocography (CTG), Doppler ultrasound device and Pinard fetal stethoscope

ResourceDescription
Staff training

CTG: practice-based training on how to apply and interpret the findings (112)

Doppler: easy to use without additional training (32)

Pinard: practice-based training; can take experience to become proficient (113)

Supplies

CTG: ultrasound gel, thermal paper,a fuses (112)

Doppler: ultrasound gel, some require replaceable batteries (1.5V AA) (112)

Pinard: none

Equipment

CTG: machine costs US$ 1457.16 (112)

Doppler: device can cost US$ 95 to US$ 350 (32, 112)

CTG and Doppler: maintenance costs

Pinard: US$ 0.94 (112)

Infrastructure

CTG: requires a wall plug for power

Doppler: battery operated (batteries either need charging or replacing)

Pinard: none required

Staff time

CTG: test set-up time plus time to interpret the CTG by trained personnel

Doppler: minimum of 60 seconds

Pinard: variable, depending on provider experience

Supervision and monitoring

CTG: supervision is needed to accurately identify all the parameters of a non-reassuring CTG trace

a

The cost of electrocardiograph (ECG) paper has been estimated at US$ 0.03 per use (112). The cost of cardiotocography (CTG) paper varies but might plausibly be similar to this estimate for a 15-30 cm length (assuming a paper speed of 1 cm/minute).

From: 3., Evidence and recommendations

Cover of WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience
WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience.
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