From: Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Screening (PDQ®)
PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].
Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-.
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Likely Etiology of HCC
| Causative Agents | Dominant Geographical Area |
| Hepatitis B virus | Asia and Africa |
| Hepatitis C virus | Europe, United States, and Japan |
| Alcohol | Europe and United States |
| Aflatoxins | East Asia and Africa |