Dissertations and Theses

Karen Patrias; Dan Wendling

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-.

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition.

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Chapter 5Dissertations and Theses

Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.

A. Entire Dissertations and Theses

Sample Citation and Introduction
Citation Rules with Examples
Examples

B. Parts of Dissertations and Theses

Sample Citation and Introduction
Citation Rules with Examples
Examples

A. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Entire Dissertations and Theses

The general format for a reference to entire dissertation, including punctuation:

Illustration of the general format for a reference to entire
dissertation.

The general format for a reference to entire master's thesis, including punctuation:

Illustration of the general format for a reference to entire master's
thesis.

Examples of Citations to Entire Dissertations and Theses

Dissertations and theses are rigorous reports of original research written in support of academic degrees above the baccalaureate level. Although some countries use the term "thesis" to refer to material written for a doctorate, the term in this chapter is reserved for work at the master's level, while "dissertation" is used for the doctorate.

Citations to dissertations and theses are similar to the standard book, with the following important points:

With rare exceptions, dissertations have only one author. Most master's theses also have a single author, but occasionally will have two.
The place of publication for a thesis or dissertation is the city where the university or other institution granting the degree is located. Many dissertations, particularly those of US universities, do not state the place of publication. When this occurs, obtain the city name from another source and place it in square brackets.
The publisher is the university or other institution granting the degree.

The chief source for information about a dissertation or thesis is its title page. The back of the title page, called the verso page, and the cover are additional sources of authoritative information not found on the title page.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Entire Dissertations and Theses.

Continue to Examples of Citations to Entire Dissertations and Theses.

Citation Rules with Examples for Entire Dissertations and Theses

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

Author for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Author

List names in the order they appear in the text
Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author
Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two initials following each surname
Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space
End author information with a period

Specific Rules for Author

Box 1

Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.

Box 2

Other surname rules.

Box 3

Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.

Box 4

Degrees, titles, and honors following a personal name.

Box 5

Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.

Box 6

Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).

Box 7

Options for author names.

Examples for Author

1. Standard dissertation
2. Standard master's thesis
3. Dissertation or thesis with optional full name(s) for author
4. Dissertation or thesis with more than one author (rare)
5. Dissertation or thesis with authors showing designations of rank within the family

Title for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Title

Enter the title of a dissertation or thesis as it appears in the original document and in the original language
Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless another form of punctuation (such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present
Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it or a Content Type or Type of Medium follows it, then end with a space

Specific Rules for Title

Box 8

Titles not in English.

Box 9

Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.

Examples for Title

6. Dissertation or thesis with titles ending in punctuation other than a period
7. Dissertation or thesis with titles containing a chemical formula, Greek letter, or other special characters
8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles
9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation

Content Type for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)

General Rules for Content Type

Place [dissertation] or [master's thesis] after the title to alert the user that the reference is not to a standard book
Follow the bracketed type with a period unless the dissertation or thesis is in a non-print medium (see Type of Medium below)

Specific Rules for Content Type

Box 10

Titles ending in punctuation other than a period.

Box 11

Non-English titles with translation.

Examples for Content Type

6. Dissertation or thesis with titles ending in punctuation other than a period
8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles
9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation
10. Dissertation or thesis in a microform

Type of Medium for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Type of Medium

Indicate the specific type of medium (microfiche, ultrafiche, microfilm, microcard, etc.) following the title and the content type when a dissertation or thesis is published in a microform
Place the name of the medium inside the square brackets for the content type, preceded by the word "on". For example: [dissertation on microfiche].
End with a period following the closing bracket
Add information about the medium according to the instructions under Physical Description below
See Chapter 15 for dissertations or theses in audiovisual formats; Chapter18 and Chapter 22 for those in electronic formats

Specific Rules for Type of Medium

Box 12

Titles ending in punctuation other than a period.

Box 13

Non-English titles with translation.

Examples for Type of Medium

10. Dissertation or thesis in a microform

Place of Publication for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Place of Publication

Place is defined as the city where the university or other institution granting the degree is located
Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province (see Appendix E) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)
Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D), when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as London (ON) and London (England)
Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wien
End place information with a colon

Specific Rules for Place of Publication

Box 14

Non-US cities.

Box 15

No place of publication can be found.

Examples for Place of Publication

8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles
9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation
11. Dissertation or thesis with place of publication not found on title page

Publisher for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Publisher

The publisher is the university or other institution granting the degree
Record the name of the institution as it appears in the publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is found there
Abbreviate well-known words in institutional names, such as Univ. for University, if desired
When a division or other subsidiary part of an institution appears in the publication, enter the main institutional name first. For example: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center.
End publisher information with a semicolon

Specific Rules for Publisher

Box 16

Abbreviations in publisher names.

Box 17

Non-English names of institutions.

Box 18

Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher.

Examples for Publisher

8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles
9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation
12. Dissertation or thesis publisher with subsidiary part included
13. Dissertation or thesis issued by a governmental body
14. Dissertation or thesis issued by other than a university

Date of Publication for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Date of Publication

Always give the year of publication, i.e., the year the degree was granted
Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.
Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May
Use English names for months and abbreviate them to the first three letters, such as Jan
End date information with a period

Specific Rules for Date of Publication

Box 19

Non-English names for months.

Box 20

Seasons instead of months.

Box 20a

Options for date of publication.

Examples for Date of Publication

15. Dissertation or thesis date with month included
16. Dissertation or thesis date with season

Pagination for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)

General Rules for Pagination

Provide the total number of pages on which the text of the dissertation or thesis appears
Do not count pages for such items as introductory material, appendixes, and indexes unless they are included in the pagination of the text
Follow the page total with a space and the letter p
For dissertations or theses published in more than one physical volume, cite the total number of volumes instead of the number of pages, such as 2 vol
End pagination information with a period

Specific Rules for Pagination

No numbers appear on the pages

Box 21

No numbers appear on the pages.

Examples for Pagination

17. Dissertation or thesis submitted in more than one volume

Physical Description for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)

General Rules for Physical Description

Give information on the physical characteristics if a dissertation or thesis is published in a microform (microfilm, microfiche, microcard, etc.), such as 3 microfiche: black & white, 2 x 4 in.

Specific Rules for Physical Description

Language for describing physical characteristics

Box 22

Language for describing physical characteristics.

Examples for Physical Description

10. Dissertation or thesis in a microform

Language for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Language

Give the language of publication if other than English
Capitalize the language name
Follow the language name with a period

Examples for Language

8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles
9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation

Notes for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)

General Rules for Notes

Notes is a collective term for any type of useful information given after the citation itself
Complete sentences are not required
Be brief

Specific Rules for Notes

Box 23

Dissertations or theses accompanied by a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

Box 24

Other types of material to include in notes.

Examples for Notes

18. Dissertation or thesis with availability statement included
19. Dissertation or thesis with location of a library or other holding institution where the dissertation/thesis may be found
20. Dissertation or thesis with note on specific type of degree
21. Dissertation or thesis with sponsorship or support note included
22. Dissertation or thesis accompanied by a CD-ROM, DVD, or other medium
23. Dissertation or thesis with supplemental material on the Internet

Examples of Citations to Entire Dissertations and Theses

1. Standard dissertation

Jones DL. The role of physical activity on the need for revision total knee arthroplasty in individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee [dissertation]. [Pittsburgh (PA)]: University of Pittsburgh; 2001. 436 p.

Liu-Ambrose TY. Studies of fall risk and bone morphology in older women with low bone mass [dissertation]. [Vancouver (BC)]: University of British Columbia; 2004. 290 p.

Zhao C. Development of nanoelectrospray and application to protein research and drug discovery [dissertation]. Buffalo (NY): State University of New York at Buffalo; 2005. 276 p.

2. Standard master's thesis

Roguskie JM. The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycan in virulence [master's thesis]. [Pittsburgh (PA)]: Duquesne University; 2005. 111 p.

Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive training guide for social work professionals [master's thesis]. Long Beach (CA): California State University, Long Beach; 2005. 101 p.

3. Dissertation or thesis with optional full name(s) for author

Baldwin, Karen Brandt. An exploratory method of data retrieval from the electronic medical record for the evaluation of quality in healthcare [dissertation]. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2004. 116 p.

4. Dissertation or thesis with more than one author (rare)

Kolotylo C, MacDonald JM. Exploration of the relationships among personal and illness-related factors, migraine headache pain, the chronic pain experience, coping, depressive symptomatology, disability, and quality of life in women with migraine headache [dissertation]. [Milwaukee (WI)]: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; 1999. 295 p.

Korir J, Karr-Kidwell PJ. The relationship between self esteem and effective educational leadership: a literary review, recommendations, and interviews [master's thesis]. [Denton (TX)]: Texas Woman's University; 2000 May. 98 p.

5. Dissertation or thesis with authors showing designations of rank within the family

Daugherty RH 3rd. Social work education and public assistance workers in Kentucky 1936-2001 [dissertation]. Louisville (KY): University of Louisville; 2004. 203 p.

6. Dissertation or thesis with titles ending in punctuation other than a period

Boyer CL. Do rural Medicare patients have different post-acute service patterns than their non-rural counterparts? [dissertation]. [Cleveland (OH)]: Case Western Reserve University; 2004. 131 p.

7. Dissertation or thesis with titles containing a chemical formula, Greek letter, or other special characters

Martin EJ. 1,1-dichloroethylene-induced mitochondrial aberrations precede apoptotic and necrotic cell death in murine liver and lung [dissertation]. Kingston (ON): Queen's University; 2004. 149 p.

Greek letters may be written out if special fonts are not available

Goel R. Characterization of α-thrombin-induced rapid phase of PI 3-kinase [dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint Louis University; 2004. 141 p.

Goel R. Characterization of alpha-thrombin-induced rapid phase of PI 3-kinase [dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint Louis University; 2004. 141 p.

Superscripts/subscripts may be enclosed within parentheses if fonts are not available

Uddemarri S. Aging affects stretch-induced p70^S6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in fast- and slow-twitch muscle [master's thesis]. [Huntington (WV)]: Marshall University; 2005. 151 p.

Uddemarri S. Aging affects stretch-induced p70(S6k) and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in fast- and slow-twitch muscle [master's thesis]. [Huntington (WV)]: Marshall University; 2005. 151 p.

8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles

Montes Alvarez MJ. Parametros predictivos de complicaciones macroangiopaticos en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que precisa insulinoterapia [dissertation]. Cadiz (Spain): Universidad de Cadiz; 2005. 180 p. Spanish.

Cisse A. Connaissances et comportements sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur les M.T.S. et le SIDA a Bamako [master's thesis]. [Quebec (QC)]: Laval University; 1993. 69 p. French.

9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation

Montes Alvarez MJ. Parametros predictivos de complicaciones macroangiopaticos en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que precisa insulinoterapia [Predictive parameters for macroangiopathy complications in Type 2 diabetes which requires insulin] [dissertation]. Cadiz (Spain): Universidad de Cadiz; 2005. 180 p. Spanish.

Cisse A. Connaissances et comportements sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur les M.T.S. et le SIDA a Bamako [Sexual knowledge and behavior of young people 15-29 years of age concerning sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and AIDS in Bamako] [master's thesis]. [Quebec (QC)]: Laval University; 1993. 69 p. French.

10. Dissertation or thesis in a microform

Craft LL. Exercise and clinical depression: examining psychological mechanisms [dissertation on microfiche]. [East Lansing (MI)]: Michigan State University; 2002. 116 p. 2 microfiche: black & white, negative, 4 x 6 in.

Peppas D. Der Anatom Eduard Jacobshagen (1886-1967) [The anatomist Eduard Jacobshagen (1886-1967)] [dissertation on microfiche]. [Marburg (Germany)]: Marburg University; 2001. 133 p. 2 microfiche: black & white, negative, 4 x 6 in. German.

Brill S. Hygieia: health and medicine in Plato's Republic [dissertation on microfilm]. [College Park (PA)]: Pennsylvania State University; 2004. 311 p. 1 reel: black & white, negative, 35 mm.

Johnston PG. A survey of nursing school libraries in the city of Philadelphia [master's thesis on microcard]. Philadelphia: Drexel Institute of Technology; 1955. 55 p. 3 microcards: 3 x 5 in.

11. Dissertation or thesis with place of publication not found on title page

Campbell E. Childbearing and choice: views of young Chinese professional women [dissertation]. [Claremont (CA)]: Claremont Graduate University; 1996. 147 p.

12. Dissertation or thesis publisher with subsidiary part included

Metry KJ. NAT polymorphism in breast cancer risk [master's thesis]. Louisville (KY): University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; 2004. 71 p.

Miller LE, Sperry BM. Central American women's experience of prenatal care [master's thesis]. [Boston (MA)]: Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions; 1992. 66 p.

13. Dissertation or thesis issued by a governmental body

Schauppner CE. Some ramifications of compensation limitations in personal services contracts for direct health care providers [master's thesis]. Monterey (CA): Naval Postgraduate School (US); 1990. 74 p.

Kazerouni NN. Family history of breast cancer as a determinant of the risk of developing endometrial and ovarian cancers: a nationwide cohort study [dissertation]. [Bethesda (MD)]: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US), Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics; 2002.

14. Dissertation or thesis issued by other than a university

Kan H. Does the Medicare principal inpatient diagnostic cost group model adequately adjust for selection bias? [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA): RAND Graduate School; 2002. 101 p.

15. Dissertation or thesis date with month included

16. Dissertation or thesis date with season

Lemov RM. The laboratory imagination: experiments in human and social engineering. [Berkeley (CA)]: University of California, Berkeley; 2000 Spring. 2 vol.

17. Dissertation or thesis submitted in more than one volume

Hanson CA. Embodying erudition: English art, medicine, & antiquarianism in the age of empiricism [dissertation]. [Chicago]: University of Chicago, Department of Art History; 2003. 2 vol.

18. Dissertation or thesis with availability statement included

Boyer CL. Do rural Medicare patients have different post-acute service patterns than their non-rural counterparts? [dissertation]. [Cleveland (OH)]: Case Western Reserve University; 2004. 131 p. Available from: UMI, Ann Arbor, MI; AAT 3145345.

Overlock JA. The relationship between balance and fundamental motor skills in children five to nine years of age [master's thesis]. [Corvallis (OR)]: Oregon State University; 2004. 111 p. Available from: Kinesiology Publications, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; PSY 2317.

19. Dissertation or thesis with location of a library or other holding institution where the dissertation/thesis may be found

Akerstrom B. Adults with autism and mental retardation: a life-span perspective [dissertation]. Uppsala (Sweden): S. Academiae Upsaliensis; 2001. 156 p. Located at: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; W1 AC955 v.20 2001.

20. Dissertation or thesis with note on specific type of degree

Ari AB. Eye injuries on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public health implications [master's thesis]. Anchorage (AK): University of Alaska; 2005. 48 p. Master of Public Health.

Verhovsek EL. Examining stages in curriculum change: implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) [dissertation]. [Morgantown (WV)]: West Virginia University; 2003. 197 p. Doctor of Education.

21. Dissertation or thesis with sponsorship or support note included

Kanika K. Labor market implications of employer provided health insurance [dissertation]. Evanston (IL): Northwestern University; 1997. 204 p. Sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.

Tuitele BA. The current practices in injury prevention and safety helmet use in an Air Force medical center [master's thesis]. [Bethesda (MD)]: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; 2000. 59 p. Supported by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Protocol No. T061AK-01.

22. Dissertation or thesis accompanied by a CD-ROM, DVD, or other medium

Lukasik-Sedmak DM. How to develop an interactive MRI brain cross-sectional anatomy CD-ROM and Web-based educational materials to meet the needs of medical imaging specialists working in magnetic resonance imaging [dissertation]. [Milwaukee (WI)]: Cardinal Stritch University; 2002. 113 p. Accompanied by: 1 CD-ROM.

Morgan JC. VISIO/KINESIS: a mixed media installation and performance [master's thesis]. Dominguez Hills (CA): California State University, Dominguez Hills; 2001. 47 p. Accompanied by: 1 videocassette.

23. Dissertation or thesis with supplemental material on the Internet

Wyatt TH. Pilot testing Okay with Asthma^(TM): a digital story for psychosocial asthma management [dissertation]. [Charlottesville (VA)]: University of Virginia; 2003. 109 p. Web site for the program available at: http://okay-with-asthma.org/.

B. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Parts of Dissertations and Theses

The general format for a reference to a part of a dissertation, including punctuation:

Illustration of the general format for a reference to a part of a
dissertation.

The general format for a reference to a part of a master's thesis, including punctuation:

Illustration of the general format for a reference to a part of a master's
thesis.

Examples of Citations to Parts of Dissertations and Theses

Rather than citing a dissertation or thesis as a whole, separately identified portions of them may be cited. Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, and the like are considered parts of dissertations/theses when they are written or compiled by the authors of the dissertation or thesis. In general, most modern texts have standardized to three types of parts: figures, tables, and appendixes. However, many other names may be found for parts.

Because a reference should start with the individual or organization with responsibility for the intellectual content of the publication, begin a reference to a part of a dissertation or thesis with the citation to the dissertation or thesis itself, then follow it with the information about the part. See Chapter 2C Parts of Books for further details on citing parts.

Medical texts frequently contain charts, figures, and other illustrative material that has been reproduced with permission from other sources. Do not cite these as parts using the instructions presented here. Consult the original publication and cite the particular item from there.

Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Parts of Dissertations and Theses.

Continue to Examples of Citations to Parts of Dissertations and Theses.

Citation Rules with Examples for Parts of Dissertations and Theses

Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

Dissertation or Thesis (R) | Name and Number/Letter (R) | Title (R) | Location (Pagination) (R)

Dissertation or Thesis (required)

Cite the dissertation or thesis according to Chapter 5A Entire Dissertations or Theses

Name and Number/Letter of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Name and Number/Letter

Enter the name of the part, such as Chapter, Table, Figure, or Appendix
Do not abbreviate names. For example, convert Fig. to Figure.
Follow the name with any accompanying number or letter, such as Chapter 12, Table 2, Figure 3.1, or Appendix A
Use arabic numbers only. For example: convert VI or Six to 6.
End name and number/letter information with a comma and a space

Specific Rules for Name and Number/Letter

Box 25

Non-English names for parts.

Box 26

No letter or number follows the name.

Box 27

No name appears.

Examples for Name and Number/Letter

1. Chapter in a dissertation or thesis
2. Table in a dissertation or thesis
3. Figure in a dissertation or thesis
4. Appendix in a dissertation or thesis
5. Other part of a dissertation or thesis
6. Other part of a dissertation or thesis, without name and number/letter
7. Part of a dissertation or thesis in a language other than English

Title of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Title

Enter the title of the part as it appears in the dissertation or thesis
Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
End title information with a semicolon and a space

Specific Rules for Title

Box 28

Non-English titles for parts.

Box 29

Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special character.

Box 30

No title appears.

Examples for Title

1. Chapter in a dissertation or thesis
2. Table in a dissertation or thesis
3. Figure in a dissertation or thesis
4. Appendix in a dissertation or thesis
5. Other part of a dissertation or thesis
6. Other part of a dissertation or thesis, without name and number/letter
7. Part of a dissertation or thesis in a language other than English

Location (Pagination) of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)

General Rules for Location (Pagination)

Begin location with "p." followed by a space
Enter the page number or numbers on which the part appears. Examples: p. 438 and p. 663-4.
Do not repeat page numbers unless they are followed by a letter. For example: 126-127 becomes p. 126-7, but p. 126A-127A is correct.
Include a letter (often S for Supplement or A for Appendix) when it precedes the page number. For example: p. S10-8.
End page information with a period

Specific Rules for Location (Pagination)

Box 31

Roman numerals for page numbers.

Box 32

Part paginated separately.

Box 33

No page numbers appear on the pages of the part.

Examples for Location (Pagination)

1. Chapter in a dissertation or thesis
2. Table in a dissertation or thesis
3. Figure in a dissertation or thesis
4. Appendix in a dissertation or thesis
5. Other part of a dissertation or thesis
6. Other part of a dissertation or thesis, without name and number/letter
7. Part of a dissertation or thesis in a language other than English

Examples of Citations to Parts of Dissertations and Theses

1. Chapter in a dissertation or thesis

Lemov RM. The laboratory imagination: experiments in human and social engineering [dissertation]. [Berkeley (CA)]: University of California, Berkeley; 2000 Spring. Chapter 2, Running the maze: animal and human experiments; p. 67-130.

Christensen PM. Infant nutrition and child health on Tarawa, Kiribati: a nutritional anthropological approach [master's thesis]. Sydney (Australia): University of New South Wales, Centre for South Pacific Studies; 1995. Chapter 3.1, Breastfeeding practices on Tarawa; p. 46-53.

Hayenga ES. Dieting through the decades: a comparative study of weight reduction in America as depicted in popular literature and books from 1940 to the late 1980's [dissertation]. [Minneapolis (MN)]: University of Minnesota; 1988. Chapter 3C, Science and health; p. 257-70.

2. Table in a dissertation or thesis

Cornwell D. A cost benefit of telemedicine: an assessment of aero-medical evacuation patients throughout the Pacific Basin [master's thesis]. [Waco (TX)]: Baylor University, US Army-Baylor University Graduate Program; 1995. Table 4, Total air-evacs vs total potential telemedicine patients; p. 45.

Munoz JA. What is the quality of care in a developing country? Measuring physician practice and health outcomes [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA): Rand Graduate School; 2002. Table 4.8, Mean objective measures of health for healthcare facility users; p. 4-33.

3. Figure in a dissertation or thesis

Bicks C. Lurking in the gossip's bowl: genealogy, gynecology, and the politics of midwifery in Shakespeare's England [dissertation]. [Stanford (CA)]: Stanford University, Department of English; 1997 Jun. Figure 9, Syringe for emergency in utero baptism; p.194.

Roberts PR. Snakes and ladders: the pursuit of a safety culture in New Zealand public hospitals [master's thesis]. [Wellington (New Zealand)]: Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies and Health Services Research Centre; 2002. Figure 2.1, Schema showing relationship of paradigms to human performance and links to and through culture; p. 13.

Deutsch B. Lifestyle and contaminants in Greenland 1994-1996: evaluation of the AMAP, Human Health Subprogram [master's thesis]. Aarhus (Denmark): University of Aarhus; 1999. Figure 2, Histograms of birth weight and gestational age; p. 20.

4. Appendix in a dissertation or thesis

Grant MM. Under the microscope: "race," gender, and medical laboratory science in Canada [dissertation]. [Toronto (ON)]: University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education; 2004. Appendix, Survey on the career patterns and professional experiences of Canadian medical laboratory technologists; p. 285-92.

Kneale C. Health claims: an exploration of the current debate in Australia [master's thesis]. Sydney (Australia): University of Sydney, Nutrition Research Foundation; 1996 Oct. Appendix 4, Health claims questionnaire; p. 49.

Munoz JA. What is the quality of care in a developing country? Measuring physician practice and health outcomes [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA): Rand Graduate School; 2002. Appendix 1, Background on problems of less developed countries; p. A1-8.

5. Other part of a dissertation or thesis

Powers JC. Herman Boerhaave and the pedagogical reform of eighteenth-century chemistry [dissertation]. [Bloomington (IN)]: Indiana University, Department of History and Philosophy of Science; 2001 May. Epilogue, Boerhaave's legacy; p. 296-301.

Mackowski MP. Human factors: aerospace medicine and the origins of manned space flight in the United States [dissertation]. [Tempe (AZ)]: Arizona State University; 2002 May. Part 2, Space medicine; p. 188-377.

6. Other part of a dissertation or thesis, without name and number/letter

Kairo JG. A review of the ecology and restoration of mangroves systems [dissertation]. Brussels (Belgium): Vrije University; 2001. Ecology and restoration of mangrove systems in Kenya; p. 2-15.

Stewart EP. Who shall decide when doctors disagree? Hoaxes and American men of science in the nineteenth century [dissertation]. Washington: American University, Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences; 2003. "Doctor" Dionysius Lardner; p. 132-48.

Mackowski MP. Human factors: aerospace medicine and the origins of manned space flight in the United States [dissertation]. [Tempe (AZ)]: Arizona State University; 2002 May. [Map], Germany 1946: showing Allied zones of occupation; p. 188.

7. Part of a dissertation or thesis in a language other than English

Tamayo Lorenzo PA. Descentralizacion y financiacion de la asistencia sanitaria publica en Espana: un estudio desde la perspectiva de la equidad [dissertation]. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia; 1999. Tabla 5.11, Resumen de los resultados de los estudios evaluados, en terminos de necesidad para cada comunidad autonoma; p. 238. Spanish.

with translation

Tamayo Lorenzo PA. Descentralizacion y financiacion de la asistencia sanitaria publica en Espana: un estudio desde la perspectiva de la equidad [Decentralization and financing of public health assistance in Spain: a study from the perspective of equality] [dissertation]. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia; 1999. Tabla 5.11, Resumen de los resultados de los estudios evaluados, en terminos de necesidad para cada comunidad autonoma [Table 5.11, Summary of the results of the evaluated studies, in terms of need for each independent community]; p. 238. Spanish.

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Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Chapter 5, Dissertations and Theses. 2007 Oct 10 [Updated 2015 Aug 11].
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