Guiding Questions
- E1.
What is the association between physical activity and health-related outcomes?
Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)?
Does the association vary by type or domain of physical activity?
Inclusion Criteria
Population: People living with any of the following conditions:
Cancer
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes
HIV
Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency or intensity of physical activity
Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
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| Condition | Outcomes | Importance |
|---|
| Cancer | All-cause mortality | Critical |
| Cancer-specific mortality | Critical |
| Risk of cancer recurrence or second primary cancer | Critical |
| Hypertension | Risk of co-morbid conditions | Critical |
| Physical function | Critical |
| Health-related quality of life | Critical |
| Cardiovascular disease progression | Critical |
| Diabetes | Risk of co-morbid conditions | Critical |
| Physical function | Critical |
| Health-related quality of life | Critical |
| Disease progression | Critical |
| HIV | Risk of co-morbid conditions | Critical |
| Physical function | Critical |
| Health-related quality of life | Critical |
| Disease progression | Critical |
| Adiposity | Critical |
Evidence identified
Thirty-six reviews were initially identified (published from 2016 to 2019) that examined the association between physical activity and health-related outcomes among people with chronic conditions (1–36). However, 14 reviews were excluded from further evaluation given populations, exposures, or outcomes that were out-of-scope or given redundancy with another more comprehensive and credible review. presents the reviews that were excluded and their reason for exclusion.
Table E1.1.aExcluded Systematic Reviews, with Reasons for Exclusion for chronic conditions including cancer, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes
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| Author, Year | Reason for Exclusion | Rationale |
|---|
| People living with cancer |
|---|
| Blond, 2019 (3) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with a history of cancer |
| Dinu, 2019 (11) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with a history of cancer |
| Lee, 2019 (16) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with a history of cancer |
| Liu, 2018 (37) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with a history of cancer |
| Qui, 2019 (26) | Redundancy | Review by Friedenreich 2019 (12) includes same evidence base, is more comprehensive, and better quality |
| Spei, 2019 (30) | Redundancy | Review by Friedenreich 2019 (12) includes same evidence base, is more comprehensive, and better quality |
| People with hypertension |
|---|
| Chen, 2017 (6) | Population | Review among adults with coronary artery disease, not among those with hypertension |
| Wang, 2017 (32) | Population | Review among a general unselected adult population, not among those with hypertension |
| Zhang, 2018 (35) | Population | Results not presented separately for those with hypertension |
| People with type 2 Diabetes |
|---|
| Anand 2018 (1) | Outcome | Primary outcome is diastolic dysfunction |
| Bhati 2018 (2) | Outcome | Outcomes are measures of cardiac autonomic function (heart rate reserve, heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity) |
| Delevatti 2019 (10) | Exposure | Comparison of progressive aerobic training vs. non-progressive aerobic training |
| Jayawardena 2018 (14) | Exposure | Direct comparison between yoga and other forms of exercise |
| Mosalman Haghighi 2018 (22) | Outcome | Primary outcome is measures of physical activity |
For the commissioned umbrella review on physical activity and health outcomes in persons living with HIV, searches were conducted in three reference databases including: Pubmed, CINAHL and Web of Science. Where available, search strings were based on those used in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2018, with the following distinctions: publications were limited to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, pooled analyses; with no restrictions on publication year; English language only. The searches were completed between the 12–16 October, 2019.
Initial screening of titles and abstracts was done by two independent reviewers, and where consensus was not reached, a third reviewer was consulted. Records were subsequently excluded where duplicates were found, and also if the articles did not specifically address the PICOS. Finally, 24 full-text articles were also excluded, for example, if they did not include PLWHA, or there was no comparator, or the study was not a systematic review ().
Table E1.1.bExcluded Systematic Reviews, for persons living with HIV
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| Author, Year | Reason for Exclusion | Rationale |
|---|
| People living with HIV |
|---|
| Bjerk, 2017 (40) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with HIV |
| Cobbing, 2016 (41) | Design | Review is a scoping review |
| Falco, 2012 (42) | Exposure | Review is on nutritional interventions |
| Field, 2016 (43) | Design | Review is a narrative review |
| Forbes, 2019 (44) | Population | Review targets men with a history of prostate cancer, not among those with HIV |
| Gonçalves, 2017 (45) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with HIV |
| Ivanyi, 2015 (46) | Population/Exposure | Review is on the effects of orthoses, footwear, and walking aids on the walking ability of children and adolescents with spina bifida |
| Kamitani, 2017 (47) | Design | Review is an umbrella review |
| Kietrys, 2018 (48) | Design | The study design is a case series |
| Koepke, 2018 (49) | Population | Review is among people with multiple sclerosis |
| Kong, 2002 (50) | Exposure | Review is on testosterone therapy in HIV wasting syndrome |
| Larsen, 2019 (51) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population, not among those with HIV |
| Lee, 2013 (52) | Population | Review is among a general unselected adult population at risk of or with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, not among those with HIV |
| Maddocks, 2013 (53) | Exposure | Review is on neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease |
| McKay, 2018 (54) | Exposure | Review evaluates mobile phone applications for health behaviour change |
| Moraes, 2018 (55) | Exposure | Review evaluates psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions |
| Nelson, 2014 (56) | Population | Review is on the management of osteoarthritis |
| Omura, 2012 (57) | Exposure | Review is on patient experience of haemophilia and HIV |
| Roeh, 2019 (58) | Population | Review is on the effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in somatically ill patients |
| Roll, 2018 (59) | Population/Design | The study is a concept analysis on the health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities |
| Russell, 2014 (60) | Exposure | Review examines the efficacy of nutritional interventions on soccer skills |
| Tian, 2013 (61) | Population/Exposure | Review is among overweight or obese adults and examines the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation |
| Vancampfort, 2018 (62) | Exposure | Review examines physical activity correlates in people living with HIV/AIDS |
| Yahiaoui, 2012 (63) | Design | Not a systematic review |
Included Evidence
In general, these reviews had many limitations in their design, execution, and reporting. None of the systematic reviews were rated as having high credibility based on the AMSTAR 2 instrument. Eleven were rated as having moderate credibility, 5 were rated as having low credibility, and the remaining 6 were rated as having critically low credibility. Given concerns regarding the comprehensiveness and the validity of the results presented in reviews rated as having critically low credibility, they were not incorporated into the final Evidence Profiles. presents the ratings for each review according to all the AMSTAR 2 main domains.
For the HIV umbrella review, there were 24 studies that were found to be eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis and underwent quality scoring. An independent team of nine reviewers used the AMSTAR2 tool to rate the quality of the final included systematic reviews. Of these 24 reviews, 5 scored critically low on the AMSTAR score, and were excluded from further consideration. Of the remaining 19 reviews, 12 were rated as having high quality, 2 as moderate and 5 as low quality. . presents the ratings for each review according to all the AMSTAR 2 main domains
After appropriate exclusions, 1 review was included among persons with cancer (12), 2 reviews were included among persons with hypertension (4, 7), and 13 reviews were included among those with diabetes (5, 8, 13, 15, 19, 20, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36) (). None of the reviews included evidence published in 2019; in fact, very few reviews included evidence published in 2017 or 2018. The included bodies of evidence for each review was relatively small ranging from 5 to 39 included studies; one review among persons with a history of cancer included 136 studies. The evidence profiles for these studies are presented in Table 1.4. Extracted data for each included review is presented in Appendix A. A summary of the U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines evidence relevant to these subgroups is provided in the Evidence Profiles.
For HIV, after appropriate exclusions, 19 reviews were included, representing between 5 and 28 studies. Of these, 13 scored a high AMSTAR2 rating, 2 moderate and 4 low (Table 1.3.b). The evidence profiles for these reviews are presented in Table 1.4 and extracted data for each included review are presented in Appendix A.
Table E1.2.aCredibility Ratings (AMSTAR 2) for systematic reviews on physical activity in persons living with cancer, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes
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| Author, Year | PICO1 | A priori Methods2 | Study Design Selection3 | Lit Search Strategy4 | Study Selection5 | Data Extraction6 | Excluded Studies7 | Included Studies8 | RoB Assessment9 | Funding Sources10 | Statistical Methods11 | Impact of RoB12 | RoB Results13 | Heterogeneity14 | Publication Bias15 | COI16 | Overall Rating17 |
|---|
| People living with cancer |
|---|
| Friedenreich, 2019 (12) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | N | PY | PY | PY | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| People living with hypertension |
|---|
| Cao, 2019 (4) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Costa, 2018 (7) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | Y | PY | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Low |
| de Sousa, 2017 (9) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | N | PY | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Critically Low |
| People living with Type 2 diabetes |
|---|
| Chao 2018 (5) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | PY | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| De Nardi 2018 (8) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Moderate |
| Jang 2019 (13) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | N | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Low |
| Lauche 2018 (15) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Moderate |
| Lee 2017 (17) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Liao 2019 (18) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | N | PY | PY | PY | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Critically Low |
| Liu, Zhu, et al. 2019 (19) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Liu, Ye, et al. 2019 (20) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Meng 2018 (21) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | N | PY | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Critically Low |
| Pan 2018 (23) | Y | PY | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Qui 2017 (25) | Y | PY | N | PY | N | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Rees 2017 (27) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | N | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Sampath Kumar 2019 (28) | Y | PY | N | PY | N | Y | N | PY | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Critically Low |
| Song 2018 (29) | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
| Thind 2017 (31) | Y | PY | N | PY | N | Y | PY | PY | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Xia 2019 (33) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Yu 2018 (34) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | PY | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Moderate |
| Zhou 2019 (36) | Y | N | N | PY | Y | Y | PY | PY | PY | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Moderate |
Abbreviations: COI = conflict of interest; N = no; N/A = not applicable; PICO = population, intervention, comparator, outcome; PY = partial yes; RoB = risk of bias; Y = yes
- 1
Did the research questions and inclusion criteria for the review include the components of PICO?
- 2
Did the report of the review contain an explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review and did the report justify any significant deviations from the protocol?
- 3
Did the review authors explain their selection of the study designs for inclusion in the review?
- 4
Did the review authors use a comprehensive literature search strategy?
- 5
Did the review authors perform study selection in duplicate?
- 6
Did the review authors perform data extraction in duplicate?
- 7
Did the review authors provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions?
- 8
Did the review authors describe the included studies in adequate detail?
- 9
Did the review authors use a satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies that were included in the review?
- 10
Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review?
- 11
If meta-analysis was performed did the review authors use appropriate methods for statistical combination of results?
- 12
If meta-analysis was performed, did the review authors assess the potential impact of RoB in individual studies on the results of the meta-analysis or other evidence synthesis?
- 13
Did the review authors account for RoB in individual studies when interpreting/ discussing the results of the review?
- 14
Did the review authors provide a satisfactory explanation for, and discussion of, any heterogeneity observed in the results of the review?
- 15
If they performed quantitative synthesis did the review authors carry out an adequate investigation of publication bias (small study bias) and discuss its likely impact on the results of the review?
- 16
Did the review authors report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review?
- 17
Shea et al. 2017. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both.
Table E1.2.bCredibility Ratings (AMSTAR 2) for systematic reviews on physical activity in persons living with HIV
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| Author, Year | PICO1 | A priori Methods2 | Study Design Selection3 | Lit Search Strategy4 | Study Selection5 | Data Extraction6 | Excluded Studies7 | Included Studies8 | RoB Assessment9 | Funding Sources10 | Statistical Methods11 | Impact of RoB12 | RoB Results13 | Heterogeneity14 | Publication Bias15 | COI16 | Overall Rating17 |
|---|
| People living with HIV |
|---|
| Ibeneme, 2019a (64) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Ibeneme, 2019b (65) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | High |
| O’Brien, 2017 (66) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NmAc | NmAc | Y | NmAc | NmAc | Y | High |
| O’Brien, 2016 (67) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Gomes Neto, 2015 (68) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| O’Brien, 2010 (69) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Nixon, 2005 (70) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Bhatta, 2017 (71) | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Pedro, 2017 (72) | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | NmAc | NmAc | N | High |
| O’Brien, 2004 (73) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | High |
| O’Brien, 2008 (74) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | High |
| Zech, 2019 (75) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Chaparro, 2018 (76) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | High |
| Voigt, 2018 (77) | Y | PY | N | PY | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | NmAc | NmAc | Y | moderate |
| Poton, 2017 (78) | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | moderate |
| Gomes Neto, 2013b (79) | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | NmAc | NmAc | N | Low |
| Fillipas, 2010 (80) | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Low |
| Heissel, 2019 (81) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low |
| Quiles, 2019 (82) | Y | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | NmAC | NmAC | Y | Low |
| Nosrat, 2017 (83) | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | critically low |
| Gomes Neto, 2013a (84) | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | critically low |
| Lopez, 2015 (85) | Y | Y | N | PY | Y | N | PY | PY | N | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | critically low |
| Lofgren, 2018 (86) | Y | N | N | N | N | N | PY | Y | N | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | critically low |
| Leyes, 2008 (87) | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | PY | N | N | NmAc | NmAc | N | NmAc | NmAc | Y | critically low |
Abbreviations: COI = conflict of interest; N = no; NmAC = No meta-analysis conducted; PICO = population, intervention, comparator, outcome; PY = partial yes; RoB = risk of bias; Y = yes
- 1
Did the research questions and inclusion criteria for the review include the components of PICO?
- 2
Did the report of the review contain an explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review and did the report justify any significant deviations from the protocol?
- 3
Did the review authors explain their selection of the study designs for inclusion in the review?
- 4
Did the review authors use a comprehensive literature search strategy?
- 5
Did the review authors perform study selection in duplicate?
- 6
Did the review authors perform data extraction in duplicate?
- 7
Did the review authors provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions?
- 8
Did the review authors describe the included studies in adequate detail?
- 9
Did the review authors use a satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies that were included in the review?
- 10
Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review?
- 11
If meta-analysis was performed did the review authors use appropriate methods for statistical combination of results?
- 12
If meta-analysis was performed, did the review authors assess the potential impact of RoB in individual studies on the results of the meta-analysis or other evidence synthesis?
- 13
Did the review authors account for RoB in individual studies when interpreting/ discussing the results of the review?
- 14
Did the review authors provide a satisfactory explanation for, and discussion of, any heterogeneity observed in the results of the review?
- 15
If they performed quantitative synthesis did the review authors carry out an adequate investigation of publication bias (small study bias) and discuss its likely impact on the results of the review?
- 16
Did the review authors report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review?
- 17
Shea et al. 2017. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both.
Table E1.3.aSystematic Reviews Assessed, by chronic condition for cancer, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes
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| Author, Year | Outcomes | Last Search Date | # of Included Studies | AMSTAR 2 (38) |
|---|
| All-causer mortality | Cancer-specific mortality | Risk of cancer reoccurrence | Risk of comorbid conditions | Physical function | Quality of life | Disease progression |
|---|
| People living with cancer |
|---|
| Friedenreich, 2019 (12) | ✕ | ✕ | | | | | | Jul-2018 | 136 | Moderate |
| People with hypertension |
|---|
| Cao, 2019 (4) | | | | | | ✕ | ✕ | Jul-2018 | 14 | Moderate |
| Costa, 2018 (7) | | | | | ✕ | | ✕ | Apr-2017 | 9 | Low |
| de Sousa, 2017 (9) | | | | | | | ✕ | Nov-2016 | 5 | Critically Low |
| People with type 2 diabetes |
|---|
| Chao 2018 (5) | | | | | | | ✕ | Jun-2016 | 14 | Moderate |
| De Nardi 2018 (8) | | | | | | | ✕ | Jul-2017 | 7 | Moderate |
| Jang 2019 (13) | | | | | | | ✕ | Aug-2017 | 23 | Low |
| Lauche 2018 (15) | | | | ✕ | | | ✕ | Jan-2017 | 6 | Moderate |
| Lee 2017 (17) | | | | | ✕ | | ✕ | Nov-2016 | 10 | Critically Low |
| Liao 2019 (18) | | | | | | | ✕ | Jan-2018 | 20 | Critically Low |
| Liu, Zhu, et al. 2019 (19) | | | | | | | ✕ | Apr-2018 | 13 | Moderate |
| Liu, Ye, et al. 2019 (20) | | | | | | | ✕ | Sep-2018 | 24 | Moderate |
| Meng 2018 (21) | | | | | | | ✕ | Jun-2016 | 21 | Critically Low |
| Pan 2018 (23) | | | | | | | ✕ | Apr-2017 | 37 | Critically Low |
| Qui 2017 (25) | | | | | | | ✕ | Oct-2017 | 9 | Moderate |
| Rees 2017 (27) | | | | | | ✕ | ✕ | Feb-2017 | 9 | Low |
| Sampath Kumar 2019 (28) | | | | | | | ✕ | Jun-2017 | 11 | Critically Low |
| Song 2018 (29) | | | | | | | ✕ | Sep-2017 | 39 | Moderate |
| Thind 2017 (31) | | | | | | | ✕ | Feb-2016 | 23 | Low |
| Xia 2019 (33) | | | | | | | ✕ | Apr-2018 | 17 | Low |
| Yu 2018 (34) | | | | | | ✕ | ✕ | Dec-2016 | 20 | Moderate |
| Zhou 2019 (36) | | | | | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | Mar-2018 | 23 | Moderate |
Table E1.3.bSystematic Reviews Assessed, by health outcomes for persons living with HIV
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| Author, Year | Outcomes | Last search date | # of included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|
| HRQOL | Body Composition | Anxiety/Depression | Fitness and Functional Capacity | Cardio-Metabolic Markers | Viral Load/CD4 + | Cognition |
|---|
| Ibeneme, 2019a (64) | | | | ✕ | | | | Jan 2018 | 23 | high |
| Ibeneme, 2019b (65) | ✕ | | | | | ✕ | | June 2017 | 19 | high |
| O’Brien, 2017 (66) | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | ✕ | | April 2013 | 20 | high |
| O’Brien, 2016 (67) | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | April 2013 | 24 | high |
| Gomes Neto, 2015 (68) | ✕ | | | ✕ | | | | Aug 2014 | 7 | High |
| O’Brien, 2010 (69) | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | June 2009 | 14 | high |
| Nixon, 2005 (70) | ✕ | | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | Aug 2003 | 10 | high |
| Bhatta, 2017 (71) | ✕ | | | | | | | Dec 2015 | 28 | high |
| Pedro, 2017 (72) | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | | July 2016 | 5 | High |
| O’Brien, 2004 (73) | ✕ | | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | NMR2002 | 10 | high |
| O’Brien, 2008 (74) | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | ✕ | | Nov 2008 | 10 | high |
| Zech, 2019 (75) | | | | ✕ | | | | Aug 2017 | 27 | high |
| Chaparro, 2018 (76) | | | | ✕ | | | | Dec 2017 | 13 | high |
| Voigt, 2018 (77) | | | | ✕ | | | | Not reported | 15 | moderate |
| Poton, 2017 (78) | | ✕ | | ✕ | | ✕ | | June 2016 | 13 | moderate |
| Gomes Neto, 2013b (79) | ✕ | | | ✕ | | | | Aug 2012 | 8 | low |
| Fillipas, 2006 (80) | | ✕ | | | ✕ | | | Nov 2009 | 9 | low |
| Heissel, 2019 (81) | | | ✕ | | | | | Feb 2019 | 10 | low |
| Quiles, 2019 (82) | | | | | ✕ | | | Nov 2017 | 9 | low |
| Nosrat, 2017 (83) | ✕ | | ✕ | | | | | Nov 2016 | 24 | critically low |
| Gomes Neto, 2013a (84) | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | | | Aug 2012 | 29 | critically low |
| Lopez, 2015 (85) | ✕ | | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | Nov 2015 | 18 | critically low |
| Lofgren, 2018 (86) | | | ✕ | | | | | Feb2017 | 18 | critically low |
| Leyes, 2008 (87) | ✕ | ✕ | | ✕ | | ✕ | | 1996–2008 | 25 | critically low |
E.1.4. Physical Activity in adults living with chronic conditions
Table E.1.4.a. People who have been diagnosed with cancer, relationship between physical activity and health-related outcomes (PDF, 99K)
Questions: What is the association between physical activity and health-related outcomes? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA?
Population: People who have been diagnosed with cancer
Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Outcome: All-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, risk of cancer recurrence or second primary cancer
Table E.1.4.b. People with hypertension, relationship between physical activity and health-related outcomes (PDF, 92K)
Questions: What is the association between physical activity and health-related outcomes? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA?
Population: People with hypertension
Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Outcome: Risk of co-morbid conditions, physical function, health-related QOL, cardiovascular disease progression, cardiovascular mortality
Table E.1.4.c. People with Type 2 Diabetes, relationship between physical activity and health-related outcomes (PDF, 124K)
Questions: What is the association between physical activity and health-related outcomes? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA?
Population: People with Type 2 Diabetes
Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity
Outcome: Risk of co-morbid conditions, physical function, health-related QOL, disease progression
Table E.1.4.dPeople with HIV, relationship between physical activity and health-related outcomes
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Table E.1.4.d.1. Effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life among people living with HIV (PDF, 108K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and heath related quality of life (HRQOL? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcomes: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
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Table E.1.4.d.2. Effects of physical activity on body composition among people living with HIV (PDF, 127K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and body composition? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcomes: Body mass index, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass
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Table E.1.4.d.3. Effects of physical activity on anxiety/depression among people living with HIV (PDF, 88K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and anxiety and depression? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcome: Symptoms of anxiety or depression
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Table E.1.4.d.4. Effects of physical activity on fitness and functional capacity among people living with HIV (PDF, 143K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity, functional capacity and fitness? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcome: Measures of fitness and functional capacity (VO2max, Exercise time, strength)
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Table E.1.4.d.5. Effects of physical activity on cardio metabolic markers among people living with HIV (PDF, 80K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and markers of cardiometabolic risk? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcome: Markers of cardiometabolic risk (blood lipids, glucose and insulin, blood pressure)
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Table E.1.4.d.6. Effects of physical activity on viral load and CD4+ cell count among people living with HIV (PDF, 99K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and disease progression? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcome: Markers of disease progression (CD4 count, CD4 percentage, viral load)
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Table E.1.4.d.6. Effects of physical activity on cognition among people living with HIV (PDF, 66K) Questions: What is the association between physical activity and cognition? Is there a dose response association (volume, duration, frequency, intensity)? Does the association vary by type or domain of PA? Population: People living with HIV Exposure: Greater volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Comparison: No physical activity or lesser volume, duration, frequency, or intensity of physical activity Outcome: Cognition, measures of cognitive function
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