AREG amphiregulin [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: AREGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: amphiregulinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:651
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000109321 MIM:104640; AllianceGenome:HGNC:651
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: AR; SDGF; AREGB; CRDGF
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 177.3), bone marrow (RPKM 37.7) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q13.3

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (74445136..74455005)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (77788795..77798664)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (75310853..75320722)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells promote ductular reaction through amphiregulin in biliary atresia.
Title: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells promote ductular reaction through amphiregulin in biliary atresia.
CD133 Stimulates Cell Proliferation via the Upregulation of Amphiregulin in Melanoma.
Title: CD133 Stimulates Cell Proliferation via the Upregulation of Amphiregulin in Melanoma.
Investigation of Serum Amphiregulin Concentrations in Pregnant Women Diagnosed with Isolated Fetal Growth Restriction in the Third Trimester.
Title: Investigation of Serum Amphiregulin Concentrations in Pregnant Women Diagnosed with Isolated Fetal Growth Restriction in the Third Trimester.
Granzyme K- and amphiregulin-expressing cytotoxic T cells and activated extrafollicular B cells are potential drivers of IgG4-related disease.
Title: Granzyme K- and amphiregulin-expressing cytotoxic T cells and activated extrafollicular B cells are potential drivers of IgG4-related disease.
Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Title: Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
EGF, TGF-alpha and Amphiregulin Differently Regulate Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells.
Title: EGF, TGF-α and Amphiregulin Differently Regulate Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells.
WNK1 mediates amphiregulin-induced MMP9 expression and cell invasion in human extravillous trophoblast cells.
Title: WNK1 mediates amphiregulin-induced MMP9 expression and cell invasion in human extravillous trophoblast cells.
miR-33a-3p regulates METTL3-mediated AREG stability and alters EMT to inhibit pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis.
Title: miR-33a-3p regulates METTL3-mediated AREG stability and alters EMT to inhibit pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis.
Role of MR1-driven signals and amphiregulin on the recruitment and repair function of MAIT cells during skin wound healing.
Title: Role of MR1-driven signals and amphiregulin on the recruitment and repair function of MAIT cells during skin wound healing.
AREG upregulates secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in human granulosa cells.
Title: AREG upregulates secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in human granulosa cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (186)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic variants associated with breast size also influence breast cancer risk. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci associated with both mammographic density and breast cancer risk. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif upregulates the expression of amphiregulin (AREG) in Vif-expression T cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-59548 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:43013

SHGC-50815 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:80168

SHGC-59491 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62559

GDB:193666 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155753

D4S3138 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:56996

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables epidermal growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables receptor ligand activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in mammary gland alveolus development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in mammary gland branching involved in thelarche	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in neuron projection development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to cAMP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to estradiol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: amphiregulin

Names: amphiregulin B; colorectum cell-derived growth factor; schwannoma-derived growth factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.