IL1B interleukin 1 beta [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: IL1Bprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interleukin 1 betaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5992
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000125538 MIM:147720; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5992
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IL-1; IL1F2; IL1beta; IL1-BETA
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Biased expression in bone marrow (RPKM 72.5), appendix (RPKM 32.9) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
NEW: Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:: 2q14.1

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	2	NC_000002.12 (112829751..112836779, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	2	NC_060926.1 (113256242..113263270, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	2	NC_000002.11 (113587328..113594356, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help

See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Exploring the role of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Title: Exploring the role of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Human microglia-derived proinflammatory cytokines facilitate human retinal ganglion cell development and regeneration.
Title: Human microglia-derived proinflammatory cytokines facilitate human retinal ganglion cell development and regeneration.
Impact of IL-6 and IL-1beta Gene Variants on Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Risk in Egyptian Patients.
Title: Impact of IL-6 and IL-1β Gene Variants on Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Risk in Egyptian Patients.
Tissue resident cells differentiate S. aureus from S. epidermidis via IL-1beta following barrier disruption in healthy human skin.
Title: Tissue resident cells differentiate S. aureus from S. epidermidis via IL-1β following barrier disruption in healthy human skin.
NLRP12 c.1382dup promotes the development of Crohn's disease through the ERK/NLRP3/ IL-1beta pathway.
Title: NLRP12 c.1382dup promotes the development of Crohn's disease through the ERK/NLRP3/ IL-1β pathway.
Nerve Bundle Density and Expression of NGF and IL-1beta Are Intra-Individually Heterogenous in Subtypes of Endometriosis.
Title: Nerve Bundle Density and Expression of NGF and IL-1β Are Intra-Individually Heterogenous in Subtypes of Endometriosis.
Effect of alpha7 nAChR-autophagy axis of deciduous tooth pulp stem cells in regulating IL-1beta in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.
Title: Effect of α7 nAChR-autophagy axis of deciduous tooth pulp stem cells in regulating IL-1β in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.
Interleukin-1beta moderates the relationships between middle frontal-mACC/insular connectivity and depressive symptoms in bipolar II depression.
Title: Interleukin-1β moderates the relationships between middle frontal-mACC/insular connectivity and depressive symptoms in bipolar II depression.
Intense impact of IL-1beta expressing inflammatory macrophages in acute aortic dissection.
Title: Intense impact of IL-1β expressing inflammatory macrophages in acute aortic dissection.
Evaluating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inflammasome Proteins and Serum Levels of IL-18 and IL-1beta in Kidney Interstitial Damage in Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.
Title: Evaluating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inflammasome Proteins and Serum Levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in Kidney Interstitial Damage in Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (2384)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Gastric cancer MedGen: C0024623 OMIM: 613659 GeneReviews: Not available	not available

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 CN54, JRFL, and Ada Env (gp120) upregulates IL-6, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL8, and IL-1b through TLR4 and CCR5 induction in monocyte derived macrophages and hepatic stellate cells because treatment with an anti-TLR4 antibody mitigated the response	PubMed
	env	Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 increases the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-1 in human monocytes	PubMed
	env	Upregulation of the human proteins CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1beta, and CXCL10 by HIV-1 gp120 involves CB2 receptor in mesencephalic neuronal/glial culture model	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces human glial cells to release more TNF-alpha and IL-1beta than untreated cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 coat protein gp120 stimulates the release of interleukin-1beta from human neuroblastoma cells and causes cell death	PubMed
	env	Concomitant activation of Lyn, Pyk2, and class IA PI3K are required for gp120-induced IL-1beta production	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces IL-1beta release from macrophages in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through binding to the chemokine receptor CCR5 and coupling to G(i)alpha protein	PubMed
	env	Matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 participate in the maturation process of cleavage and activation of IL-1beta based on the intracerebroventricular injection of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 stimulates monocytes to release TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, and this effect can be blocked with soluble CD4	PubMed
	env	CD23 protein membrane expression is upregulated by HIV-1 gp120 and this upregulation induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1beta	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	IL-1 and TNF-alpha production are induced by the treatment of cells with HIV-1 gp160	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	HIV-1 inhibitors T20, NVP, AZT, and raltegravir significantly attenuate HIV-1-induced IL-1B production and NLRP3 activation, suggesting that HIV-1 gp41, RT, and IN are required for pro-IL-1B expression and NLRP3 activation	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp41 stimulates microglial cell production of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha)	PubMed
Nef	nef	Treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages with soluble recombinant HIV-1 Nef (rNef) upregulates the transcription of genes for several inflammatory factors, including IL-1beta, which is released upon rNef treatment	PubMed
	nef	IL-1beta, IL-12, and IL-15 are factors involved in the upregulation of IFN-gamma expression in coculture between Nef-pulsed iDCs and NK cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef and ALK show similar effects by increasing different cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and RANTES, that may be relevant for HAD pathogenesis	PubMed
	nef	Expression of Nef from the brain-derived HIV-1 isolate YU-2 in astrocytes significantly upregulates IL-1beta expression	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	HIV-1 Gag co-localizes with bioactive IL-1B in germinal center of HIV-1 infected patients	PubMed
	gag	Stimulation of HIV-1 infected human adipocytes by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increases the levels of HIV-1 Gag production	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibitor didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA), an analog of a natural steroidal alkaloid, potently inhibits Tat-mediated modulation of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and MCP-1	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-1beta expression in a variety of cell types, including macrophages, astrocytes, microglial cells, monocytes, and primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat- and oxovanadate-treated microglial cells synergistically induce release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta proteins, which involves CD45 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways	PubMed
	tat	Specific C/EBP and NF-kappaB transcription factor binding elements within the IL-1beta promoter are involved in Tat regulation of IL-1beta production	PubMed
	tat	Phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway-dependent phosphorylation of p44/42 and JNK MAP kinases is partially involved in IL-1beta induction by HIV-1 Tat	PubMed
	tat	Over-expression of PPARalpha or PPARgamma attenuates Tat-induced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CCL2, and E-selectin	PubMed
	tat	Sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) significantly reverses HIV-1 Tat-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in THP-1 cells	PubMed
	tat	IL-1 stimulated NO production and iNOS mRNA expression are down-regulated by pretreatment with HIV-1 Tat-SOD fusion proteins in cultured chondrocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-1beta expression in U937 cells through the inhibition of CD26	PubMed
	tat	IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma synergize with HIV-1 Tat to promote in nude mice the development of angioproliferative Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr activates IL-1B activity in MDMs	PubMed
integrase	gag-pol	HIV-1 inhibitors T20, NVP, AZT, and raltegravir significantly attenuate HIV-1-induced IL-1B production and NLRP3 activation, suggesting that HIV-1 gp41, RT, and IN are required for pro-IL-1B expression and NLRP3 activation	PubMed
retropepsin	gag-pol	HIV-1 protease cleaves pro-interleukin 1 beta (pro-IL-1 beta) in vitro at amino acid positions 23-24 and 98-99	PubMed
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	HIV-1 inhibitors T20, NVP, AZT, and raltegravir significantly attenuate HIV-1-induced IL-1B production and NLRP3 activation, suggesting that HIV-1 gp41, RT, and IN are required for pro-IL-1B expression and NLRP3 activation	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

PMC104510P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270114

IL1B_353 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277369

D2S2849 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:75398

G60262 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:137368

GDB:196343 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155835

PMC305895P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272572

RH48318 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:80831

PMC317379P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273089

RH11481 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20953

G10509 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:16103

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables integrin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables interleukin-1 receptor binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein domain specific binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in JNK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in apoptotic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in astrocyte activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-17	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ectopic germ cell programmed cell death	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in embryo implantation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in fever generation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in monocyte aggregation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of adiponectin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gap junction assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neurogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic transmission	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of complement activation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fever generation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of type II interferon production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of defense response to virus by host	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ATP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to carbohydrate	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to interleukin-1	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in sequestering of triglyceride	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in smooth muscle adaptation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in secretory granule	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: interleukin-1 beta

Names: IL-1 beta; catabolin; interleukin 1beta; preinterleukin 1 beta; pro-interleukin-1-beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.